摘要:

AbstractThis editorial introduction to the special issue on planning suggests that much of the early optimism about educational planning has evaporated as a result of the burgeoning costs of higher education and the increasing difficulties graduates are having in finding suitable jobs. It is suggested that the reasons for this disillusion are partly that planners did not take political constraints sufficiently into account, and partly that the education system is far too complex for simplified models to deal with. Instead of treating educational planning as largely an exercise in long‐term forecasting, we should be concerned much more with the efficient operation of the system and its orientation in the direction of objectives which are essentially political in nature and which are quite likely to change from one period to the nex

ISSN:0951-5224    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2273.1947.tb02099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the growing demand for places in German universities, the present system of allowing entrance to everyone who holds theAbiturhas become unsatisfactory. This paper looks at ways of controlling the size of the higher education system and allocating resources from the viewpoint of economic theory.Three “ideal type” educational planning models are sketched, one of which ‐ a “market model” ‐ is argued to have the greatest advantages. It would involve a state credit scheme for students with repayments via a graduate tax; student fees would provide all or most of the universities' funds. It would remove the inequity of the present system which involves a transfer of income from today's (relatively poorer) earners to tomorrow's, and from those with lower earning potential to those with higher. Since students would be in a position to choose the most satisfying and/or cheapest courses of study and would find it easier to change courses if they wished, it would reward cost‐saving and student–satisfying innovation. By providing more finely graded levels of qualification within subject areas, it would reduce the extent to which jobs are ordered hierarchically in an irrational and inefficient way; and the universities would respond more flexibly to changes in labour

ISSN:0951-5224    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2273.1947.tb02100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article is concerned with the internal planning process of the University. It discusses the need for planning, puts forward a definition of planning, looks at the elements and contents of a planning process, notes the levels and units involved in planning and describes the planning cycles. The four charts at the end of the article outline an example of an integrated planning process and other sections of the article discuss the staff work, information, technical and procedural supports required by the planning process.With the exception of the section on planning and mechanisms ‐ which goes into detail on the uses of student number factors in planning ‐ the article is an outline description of a planning process which could be adapted to meet the needs of any university and at little cost. The description is set in the British context, and the process outlined therefore assumes a certain relationship between institutional and national planning and assumes that the university possesses some freedoms of action. However, although that relationship and the degree of institutional freedom may differ from country to country, the main features of the process should remain appropriate in many different national contexts.A planning process similar to the one outlined in this article has been operational at the University of Sussex since 1968. Further details of it in that institutional context are available in the Jones, Lockwood and Mackenzie case study on the development of the University of Sussex contained inPlanning the Development of Universities, Iedited by V.G. Onushkin (UNESCO 19

ISSN:0951-5224    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2273.1947.tb02101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines alternative techniques for projecting freshman enrollment in specific academic departments. Departmental enrollment projections provided by four different projection models are compared to actual departmental enrollments at a selected institution. Two of the models use only historical data, while the other two models are sensitized to current developments as indicated by the expressed major choices of prospective freshmen. The use of discriminant analysis to establish differential enrollment probabilities is also explored.Although different models do a better job for different curricular departments, the smallest mean squared error across all departments was obtained with the simplest projection technique. The use of the preliminary major choice of prospective freshmen did not improve departmental projections, and the student characteristics explored in this study did not differentiate enrolled from non‐enrolled students adequately enough to improve enrollment projection accuracy.Based on the results obtained at this one institution, therefore, it would appear that simple and straightforward projection models can be as useful as complex and sophisticated model

ISSN:0951-5224    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2273.1947.tb02102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports on the labour market results of a cohort of graduates from five Singapore schools representing most areas where important changes in the educational system are taking place. The graduates left school in 1966‐67 and were interviewed in 1970. Many of the graduates in the cohort found jobs almost immediately upon leaving school, but some did experience a substantial period of unemployment and even more reported difficulty in finding their first job. Eventually all became employed and at the time of interview unemployment was negligible. The initial unemployment and the difficulty in finding work were not related as to whether the education was technical or academic in nature.Income/cost ratios were calculated and used to rank the schools to see how they compared as social investments. Post‐secondary, non‐university education ranked highest, followed by secondary education with the university in third place. Within post‐secondary, pre‐university was a slightly better investment than the polytechnic largely because of a difference in costs. Within secondary schools there was virtually no difference between the technical secondary school, the academic secondary school and the vocational

ISSN:0951-5224    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2273.1947.tb02103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this note, Blaug's article in Volume 1, No. 1, is criticised on the grounds that the “economic” interpretation of the correlation between education and earnings is based on a mistaken view about the nature of capital; and hence “human capital” theories are logically inc

ISSN:0951-5224    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2273.1947.tb02104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Adam Westoby begins by summarising my paper ‐ in terms not always recognisable to me ‐ and ends up by criticising it on grounds of “logical coherence.” He says that I “assume” labour markets to be competitive and that I take it for granted that better educated labour has a higher marginal product, reducing the entire problem posed by my paper to the question “whether education creates, discovers or allocates this greater productivity”. He then proceeds to argue that the concept of the marginal value product of a factor has no definite meaning and it is in this sense that he rejects my thesis as lack

ISSN:0951-5224    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2273.1947.tb02105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe debate about recurrent education is still for the most part at an unsophisticated level. This note suggests that whatever the problems of recurrent education in general it is likely to be particularly attractive to women returning to work after their childrearing is finished.

ISSN:0951-5224    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2273.1947.tb02106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ILO's World Employment Programme, launched officially in 1969, constitutes the major contribution of the International Labour Organisation to the Second Development Decade in the area of employment objectives and policies. The general aim of the World Employment Programme (WEP) is to provide concrete and specific guidelines to policy‐makers and planners on policies and measures which enable them to choose those development strategies which have a greater weight attached to productive employment creation, and to assist in their implementation.The following activities have recently been undertaken to give practical effect to the World Employment Programme. First, so‐called comprehensive employment strategy missions have been sent to Colombia, Ceylon, Iran and Kenya (ILO, 1970, 1971, 1972a, 1972b). In the light of a definition and diagnosis of the employment problem in these countries, these missions have proposed a long‐term strategy based on fundamental changes in key aręas of development policy, including education and training. They have also drawn up an immediate programme of action to face the most urgent problems.Second, regional teams have been established in Latin America and Asia, and several subregional teams are in the process of being constituted in Africa. Set up with a view to making a comprehensive investigation of employment problems in the countries of the region and assisting them in formulating employment policies and programmes, they are keeping under review the progress and obstacles encountered and identifying needs for further direct assistance.Third, a major research programme has been launched. The principal elements of the WEP's research programme are the following major projects which are currently being carried out or are about to start:(1) population and employment;(2) technology and employment;(3) income distribution and employment;(4) education and employment;(5) international trade and employment;(6) urban employment problems; and(7) feasibility of emergency employment schemes.This article gives a brief account of the insights already gained and the work under way in the area of education and empl

ISSN:0951-5224    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2273.1947.tb02107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0951-5224    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2273.1947.tb02108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY