ISSN:0748-8017    

DOI:10.1002/qre.4680110602

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe origins of Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOPS) in the chemical industry are well known. This paper describes the principles of Hazard and Operability Studies, illustrates how they have been applied over a wide range of industries and activities, and outlines the most important points in carrying‐out the studie

ISSN:0748-8017    

DOI:10.1002/qre.4680110603

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper addresses system safety aspects of product development with primary application to the U.S.A. Department of Defense (DoD) development process. Software is recognized as an increasingly important element of system reliability and safety. This is due to two reasons: first, the amount of code used in products is growing at an exponential rate over time, and secondly, the criticality of the software encoded functions is increasing dramatically. Emphasis has correspondingly increased on software and system aspects of safety. This is in addition to the more traditional elements of hardware product safety. Design guides are offered that help ensure development of both reliable and safe software.

ISSN:0748-8017    

DOI:10.1002/qre.4680110604

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOfficial enquiries into large scale system failures may be used to interpret events according to the various types of human error which were committed. For example there are errors in operation of the system, in maintenance practices etc. Twelve well documented disasters are analysed and the conclusion emerges that operator error predominates. This fact is not suprising, reflecting as it does the short time span in which operators have to make decisions, compared to the other players such as designers, maintenance men etc.This conclusion has implications for the other human disciplines involved. For example designers should conceive systems which will be less prone to operator error, while management should support operators in whatever way possible to increase their effectiveness.

ISSN:0748-8017    

DOI:10.1002/qre.4680110605

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncreased dependence on computers in safety critical industries means increased dependence on a smaller number of people—both the users of computer systems, and those responsible for their design and production. Reliability and integrity of such systems can be enhanced without large overall increases in costs by looking critically at the human‐computer interaction early in the design phase. In this paper, a selection of human factors principles are applied to safety critical system design. This includes making systems easier to learn to use, reducing alarm overload, matching the design of menus to the task, consistency and modal

ISSN:0748-8017    

DOI:10.1002/qre.4680110606

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman factors (HF) engineers have contributed to the reduction of human error, by improving user performance through the design of the user interface. However, there still remains a requirement for user training. This is especially true for complex, high risk processes employing new technology. Reduced manning and downskilling are putting increased pressures on users who, in many activities, still remain the last level of safety protection. In responding to this need, HF engineers now employ a range of tools and methods during the design process, which assist in identifying the training media and training design. Training needs analysis (TNA) offers a structured methodology to facilitate the information gathering process and identify any shortfall between current user performance and that demanded by new technology and designs.By the use of these methods and tools the potential for human error can be reduced, for the following reasons: (a) improved user performance (b) better designed and more efficient training systems.Existing TNA methods have been better suited to the study of existing equipment. This paper describes the training requirements process, and proposes a usable methodology for contractors conducting a TNA in the design of new systems/equipment. It is of particular use where information on the operation or maintenance may be limited.

ISSN:0748-8017    

DOI:10.1002/qre.4680110607

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOver the last few years quantified risk assessment (QRA), a technique developed in the process industries, has moved into the railway and mass transport arenas. Many quantified risk assessments are now appearing covering varying aspects of railway operation and design.This paper highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the QRA technique, with specific reference to its use in railway system design and operation. Suggestions are made as to how best to manage and present a QRA, and these are illustrated in a section explaining the systematic approach of Cross Rail, a joint London Underground/British Rail/Railtrack £2 billion railway for London.Throughout this paper it is stressed that good QRA comes from management of the process and not of the ‘final figure’. The paper concludes with a listing of recommendations that are considered to be the minimum needed for the future progress of railway QRAs. Consequently the paper will be of special interest to those railway organizations undertaking or managing a QRA for the first time. Special reference is made to the use of QRAs in the presentation of Railway Safety Cases and project de

ISSN:0748-8017    

DOI:10.1002/qre.4680110608

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA quantitative risk assessment has been carried out by W. S. Atkins Ltd. and Kennedy and Donkin Transportation Ltd. for the conceptual stage of the proposed Channel Tunnel Rail Link. The assessment is one of the first for a railway system. It includes an integrated computer model. The whole risk model for the CTRL from base event data, through fault and event trees, to individual, collective and societal risks is processed using Lotus 1‐2‐3 spreadsheets. Variations to the design and operational assumptions and to the input data can be introduced into the model and the effect on risk calculated rapidly. This versatility is particularly useful because of the early stage of the project. It can be used to assist designers in consideration of possible design chan

ISSN:0748-8017    

DOI:10.1002/qre.4680110609

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8017    

DOI:10.1002/qre.4680110610

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8017    

DOI:10.1002/qre.4680110611

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY