摘要:

Limonoids are one of bitter principles in citrus juices. Excessive bitterness lowers the quality and value of citrus juices. Nomilin is considered to be the precursor of all other limonoids accumulated inCitrusand related species. It is biosynthesized from acetate via the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway in the phloem region of stems and then translocated to the leaves, fruit tissues, peels, and seeds where it is further metabolized to other limonoids. The citrus limonoid aglycones are then glucosidated by limonoid UDP‐D‐glucose transferase in maturing fruit tissues and seeds. These limonoid glucosides are accumulated in such high concentrations that they are one of major secondary metabolites in citrus fruit tissues, and they play an important role in fruit quality and possibly in human health. Research on creation of transgenic citrus trees that produce fruits free of the limonoid bitterness problem is in progress. Limonoids have been shown to induce glutathioneS‐transferase activity and inhibit the formation of certain chemically induced carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. Some of the limonoids possess antifeedant activity against insects, suggesting that one of the biological functions of limonoids in plants is pest control. The citrus limonoids are unique for many species and varieties, and make excellent taxonomic markers. Thus, limonoids are important citrus constituents to citrus growers, processors, breeders, and the consumer.

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129609541089

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Agriculture has always had a major role in the Turkish economy; nevertheless the country has been continuously expanding industrialization, constantly diminishing the relative share of agriculture in the Turkish GDP in the last decades. Turkey's Southeastern Anatolian Project (SAP—value US$32 million) is a comprehensive regional development plan aiming at increasing the level of agricultural income fivefold by creating a vast agricultural and agroindustrial potential in the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers through one of the greatest irrigation projects in the world. This article provides an overview of the past, present, and future of Turkish agriculture and agroindustries, as well as a summary on SAP and its current situation.

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129609541090

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129609541091

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The substitution of sorghum for barley malt is a successful indigenous technology capability (ITC) development in the brewing industry in Nigeria. However, this ITC was accompanied by milling, mashing, and lautering problems. The milling problem was solved by adapting the existing barley malt cleaner to sorghum grain at no cost. The use of external enzymes and installation of a mash filter eliminated the mashing and lautering problems. However, the use of malted sorghum, with a simple modification of the existing line without the addition of external enzymes, could solve these problems at reduced cost. A brewery wishing to adopt this process should have a malting plant to guarantee the quality and steady supply of malt. Such a malting plant of 6000 tonnes annual capacity and operating at full capacity could generate additional internal rate of return (IRR) of 32.5%, which is greater than the existing bank interest rate (13%). The policy which emphasized the use of local raw material is very effective in the brewing industry in Nigeria. However, the government should pursue the policy on the production of steel products which are essential for the fabrication of food‐processing facilities to enhance ITC development in the industry.

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129609541092

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Genetically Modified Foods: Safety Issues. Karl‐Heinz Engel, Gary R. Takeoka, and Roy Teranishi, editors. ACS Symposium Series 605. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1995, 243 pages.

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129609541093

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129609541094

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129609541088

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor