ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129209540926

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129209540927

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Research was conducted to examine different aspects of amaranth processing and utilization in Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. The trials included assays to determine proximate analysis of grain from different species grown at a number of locations. In addition, analyses of processed products were conducted to determine the effects of processing on food value. Feeding tests with rats and young children as test subjects were conducted. Processing methods included the production of toasted flour, flakes, extruded products, and “popped” amaranth. The value of amaranth as an ingredient in products containing wheat, maize, or oats was also investigated. Special emphasis was placed on determination of protein quality and quantity. In one study, leucine was identified as the limiting amino acid.

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129209540928

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Kenya, a country where grain amaranth has rarely been cultivated, was selected for research to determine whether germplasm and cropping patterns could be developed to accommodate regular biannual wet and dry seasons. In addition to germplasm screening and improvement, yield observations were made to learn more about adaptation in various crop production areas and with various times of planting, times to maturity, fertilizer applications, and planting densities under standardized conditions. The most rapidly maturing grain type in Kenya was the “Nepal” morphological group ofAmaranthus hypochondriacus, which matured within 60 days of planting. TheA. hypochondriacus“Mercado” morphological group also performed well at many locations in Kenya, although it grew taller and took a few days longer to mature. A few accessions ofA. caudatusproduced a high‐quality grain, although the researchers felt it took too many days to reach maturity.A. cruentusproved to be of little use. Excessive moisture depressed yields of all accessions. This research program has shown that grain amaranth has the potential to be adapted for food use under Kenyan agricultural conditions.

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129209540929

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Grain amaranth has a long and colorful history in Mexico. The historical use and the genetic diversity ofAmaranthus cruentusandA. hypochondriacuslandraces developed through the years make this country a prime area for research on and development of this crop. The first studies showed that native varieties had an acceptable yield, but these also demonstrated some unfavorable traits, such as excessive plant height, dark seed color, and a long growing season; therefore, a breeding program was established. A collection of landrace and nonindigenous germplasm was created. From the “Mercado,” “Nepal,” and “Mexican” morphological groups, outstanding selections were made for agronomic traits that permit yields over 2000 kg/ha, a growth season of 130 days, and plant height of 1.3 m, thus allowing mechanical harvesting. In addition, the most important pests and diseases were identified.

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129209540930

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Grain amaranth (A. caudatus) is a native crop in Peru, although it has not been widely cultivated or extensively utilized for human or animal nutrition. This project was conducted to find ways to collect, improve, and produce amaranth. The germplasm collection assembled and cataloged is stored at the University of Cusco, with duplicates at the US Department of Agriculture Plant Introduction Station at Ames, Iowa. It represents the largest collection ofA. caudatusin the world. A germplasm improvement program was initiated, and named varieties have been released for farmers. The Peruvian government provided funding for farmer outreach and market development.

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129209540931

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Preliminary evaluation and screening of 62 introduced grain amaranth accessions was carried out at the Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR) Chan Thuk Research Station, 185 km NE of Bangkok. Twenty plants of each accession were planted monthly in single rows from April to August 1983. Plant responses were compared across morphological groups to facilitate general evaluation. When planting days were advanced, all morphological groups exhibited a similar response by initiating flowers earlier; total number of days to maturity was also reduced. In contrast, at later planting dates, maturity was delayed and plants were taller, perhaps as a result of the high rainfall normally found at that time of year. The grain amaranth was severely affected by insect pests. Without the use of insecticides, it was difficult to identify high‐yielding accessions. Accessions from all morphological groups exceptA. hypochondriacus, “Aztec” morphological group; andA. caudatus, “South American” morphological group, matured under the local conditions. However, the accessions ofA. cruentus, “Mexican” morphological group, were the most promising, as they exhibited growth characteristics suitable for commercial grain production. Profuse branching and a high degree of lodging were observed inA. cruentus, “African” morphological group;A. caudatus, “Edulis” morphological group;A. hypochondriacus, “Mercado” morphological group;A. hypochondriacus, “Nepal” morphological group; andA. hybridus, “Prima” morphological group. Flooding occurred in September 1983, which resulted in limited information for the last planting. Further studies are needed to determine suitable planting dates and optimum cultural practices, as well as any limiting factors that might emerge.

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129209540932

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Thirty‐five genotypes of grain amaranth were evaluated for adaptability and yield performance at three locations [lowland rain‐fed areas at 300 meters above sea level (MSL); upland, 1000 MSL; and highland, > 1000 MSL] in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 1982 to 1987. Results showed that there were marked differences in yield stability and adaptation of various types of grain amaranth. “African” and “Mexican” morphological groups had higher yield and greater adaptability than the other grain types; this was probably due to the higher crop growth rate, seed protein content (>17%), and drought resistance of these two groups. The “South American” group was least well adapted to the lower altitude, but it performed well under highland conditions. In upland areas, accessions 83S‐27 and R‐158 had the highest average grain yields (3338 and 2938 kg/ha, respectively). The average seed yield of 35 genotypes grown in the lowland and highland areas was lower (86% and 32%, respectively) than that grown in the upland. These results were probably affected by drought stress in the lowland rain‐fed areas and by cold temperatures at the highland locations.

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129209540933

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Whole amaranth plants from five amaranth accessions were analyzed for Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn content. The accessions analyzed were AVRDC No. 86,A. caudatusL., “Edulis” morphological group; RRC 434,A. cruentusL., “Mexican” morphological group; R155,A. cruentusL., “Mexican” morphological group; UNZA‐A2,A. hypochondriacusL., “Aztec” morphological group; and R 103,A. tricolorL., “Vegetable” morphological group. Results indicate that the mineral content of amaranth is above the levels recommended for cattle. Chemical analysis of grain amaranth plants of accession RRC 434 harvested at 45, 60, and 75 days after planting showed that mineral content is relatively stable with advancing plant age. Significant reduction in leaf protein content was recorded at 75 days. There was no significant difference in daily dry matter intake, milk protein, milk solid‐not‐fat, and milk production when dairy cows were fed with 37% of amaranth crop residues in roughage.

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129209540934

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:8755-9129    

DOI:10.1080/87559129209540935

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor