摘要:

AbstractABSTRACT The immunological identification of species‐specific blood proteins in skeletal remains has an important role in the reconstruction of ancient dietary, ritual and domestic behaviour. However, which protein provides the most suitable target for such work has not been considered previously, and the present investigation was carried out on human bone to assess the relative merits of IgG and albumin.Extracts of bone from 31 individuals (from the English Civil War, medieval, Early Saxon, Roman, Iron Age and Bronze Age periods) were tested by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies. Albumin was detected in 23 of the 31 skeletons, including those from the Iron and Bronze Ages, whereas IgG was identified in only one; this difference was very highly significant (P<0.0005, χ230.0). The better detection rate for albumin was thought to be due to its higher original blood level, inherent differences in survival pattern being considered unlikely. Testing the same extract for both proteins in the same assay system ensured that any effects due to soil factors, burial conditions, physical integrity of the bone, chronological age, amount of original specimen, method of analysis and type of reagent were the same for each part of the study, thus permitting a valid comparison of antigen survival to be made. Control samples, including fresh and ancient animal bone extracts and human and animal sera, confirmed that the results were consistent and specific, with no cross‐reactivity between human and animal material, and that as little as 10 ng of protein was detectable.In summary, the investigation compared the suitability of IgG and albumin for osteoarchaeological studies using a highly specific, sensitive and versatile ELISA; the results showed that albumin was a far better target molecule for such work and that it can survive in ancient bone for long periods o

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390020202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring the course of a routine analysis of a cemetery burial population associated with the medieval hospital of St Giles, Brough, North Yorkshire, the partially excavated burial (No. 1423) of a priest, as identified through the associated chalice and paten dating to the medieval period, was observed to exhibit osseous changes commensurate with those of an untreated slipped proximal femoral epiphysis. Secondary osseous changes were noted that may indicate habitual positional behaviour subsequent to the injury.

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390020203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe rhinomaxillary syndrome consists of a group of maxillary bone changes, which may be present in part or in total, in lepromatous and near‐lepromatous leprosy. The changes are a composite mixture of erosive, absorptive and proliferative bone reactions. The anatomical zones involved are the alveolar process of the maxilla, the anterior nasal spine, the palatine process of the maxilla, intranasal osseous structures, and the margins of the nasal apertur

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390020204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral errors in the early literature discussing life‐table analysis of skeletal populations are potentially misleading to the researcher unacquainted with the mathematical methods of palaeodemography. Additional errors document the hazards of borrowing life‐table methods and equations from other applications without fully realizing their context, interpretation, and the potential restrictions on their use. A simple generalization of the life‐table equations explicitly to reveal their dependence on theentry ageandwidthof the age intervals used will facilitate the correct computation of life tables and readily accommodate the use of unconventional or otherwise non‐standard cohorts. A general procedure for computing a life table for a skeletal population is presented, and a numerical example is included to illustrate the

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390020205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reviews the meaning of the term ‘density’ and the problems associated with the methods of density determination for animal bones in archaeology. It has often been assumed that density is the intrinsic property of most influence in controlling the rate of a bone's decay. Values for whole bone density have been published only for large mammal bone, however. Fish bone appears to be particularly vulnerable to decay, and usually a restricted range of skeletal elements are recovered from archaeological sites. The object of this study was to examine the relationship between fish bone density and the ability of the bone to survive on occupation sites and in archaeological deposits. A set of ‘density’ measurements was established for the bones of cod (Gadus morhua). The usefulness of these measurements as a predictive tool in archaeoichthyological studies is assessed. It was found that ‘density’ as measured did not explain adequately the relative survival of skeletal elements after mechanical abrasion and weathering, or within archaeologic

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390020206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe surfaces of teeth from some fossil remains and archaeological samples have been examined by SEM, in order to study different types of cultural striations and to determine the archaeological information that these striations can provide. Different patterns of cultural striations are present in human samples from different sites and periods. Similar cultural striations can be interpreted in different ways, depending on the tooth in which they are present, their location in the tooth and their direction, regularity, number and width. The study of cultural striations can yield valuable information about different aspects of feeding behaviour, oral hygiene, patterns of cultural diffusion and manipulative work with teeth of past human groups. A close integration with other anthropological and archaeological data is needed and specific interpretations should be made in each case.

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390020207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe skull and antlers of an extinct Giant Irish deer (Megaceros) were retrieved from a bog in central Ireland. Cancellous bone from the antlers was examined ultrastructurally by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructural integrity of bone cells (osteocytes) was remarkable with features such as mitochondria and Golgi elements being clearly demonstrated. Radiocarbon dating indicated that the specimen was around 11 000 yearsBP. The demonstration of ultrastructure in bone cells of this extinct deer suggests that palaeontological specimens found in bog environments are potentially useful for the ultrastructural investigation of not only the extracellular matrix but, significantly, of the cell itself.

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390020208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOf 54 vertebrae with spondylolysis, five were found with a unilateral lesion. The unilateral lesion was sometimes associated with hypoplasia of the ipsilateral lamina or by differences in the size and position of the facet joints and by posterior wedging on the affected side. Radiologically there may be sclerosis in the pedicle on the normal side. In one case a healed fracture was noted on the apparently normal side indicating that the lesion originally had been bilateral.

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390020209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA skull found in a burial cave near Jericho with evidence of craniectomies dating approximately 5500 years ago had signs of frontal sinusitis and intracranial infection. The location of the three craniotomies in the frontal bone of this skull and evidence of the infection bursting from the sinus intracranially suggest that this is the oldest known cranial surgery performed due to symptoms of a medical aetiology : epidural infection.

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390020210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1047-482X    

DOI:10.1002/oa.1390020211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY