ISSN:0199-8595    

DOI:10.1080/01998595.1998.10530422

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0199-8595    

DOI:10.1080/01998595.1998.10530423

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0199-8595    

DOI:10.1080/01998595.1998.10530424

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Chiller plant owners and designers face new challenges in a deregulated electric environment. Though predicted results from retail wheeling and real-time pricing (RTP) may be appealing on the surface, utilities spearheading the RTP rate structure have already issued on-peak electric prices as high as $3.50/kWh (kilowatt hour). Selecting proper chillers now requires more than simply determining lowest operating costs, simple payback, or even lowest life-cycle cost. This article outlines the benefits from combining electric and alternative-drive chillers (hybrid system) to effectively and efficiently combat high electric prices.

ISSN:0199-8595    

DOI:10.1080/01998595.1998.10530425

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Energy engineers need a means to analyze the performance of cycling boilers in order to quantify their performance for justifying boiler replacements. That information is not available from the manufacturer because cycling efficiency is particular to the installation. The author has created a cycling efficiency model that can be used to determine operating costs and make comparisons when loads or boilers are to be changed. The model is a simple spreadsheet format which should be usable by all energy engineers. Two examples of systems the author analyzed are described to help explain its use. The model design relates to heating boilers but could be applied to boilers serving production loads. In the author's experience, most simple heating boilers could be replaced by one-fourth to one-third of their size with an increase in actual efficiency from 50 to 70 percent. Most of the nation's inventory of heating boilers are outsized. With the ability to determine cycling efficiency, it's possible to prove the low efficiency of an existing boiler and justify its replacement with something smaller.

ISSN:0199-8595    

DOI:10.1080/01998595.1998.10530426

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The use of natural gas cooling equipment, such as engine-driven chillers for air conditioning commercial buildings, is known to provide operating cost savings over conventional electric chillers in many regions of the country. To be an economically viable alternative, business managers normally require that the actual savings from using gas cooling must be sufficient to pay back the higher first cost premium of gas chillers in a time period usually not exceeding three years. Simple payback analysis alone does not provide the financial information necessary to make optimal long term investment decisions for central cooling plant improvements. To provide a complete picture of alternative investments, simple payback results can be effectively used in conjunction with other financial criteria such as return on investment, internal rate of return, and net present value. When evaluated in these terms, projects with even four to five year payback often exceed industry financial returns on investment and internal rate of return. This article examines four case studies to demonstrate that this often does occur.

ISSN:0199-8595    

DOI:10.1080/01998595.1998.10530427

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Energy service companies have been around for several years. Every year, “experts” predict their demise. The “traditional” energy service company (ESCo), whose work utilizes utility rebates, will probably be long gone as rebates disappear. The “new” energy service company will arise in this industry. This new company will be one that can provide a vast menu of services to their customers. These services can include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following: (1) corporate energy management services, (2) natural gas transportation services, (3) electrical deregulation services, (4) energy engineering services, (5) economics and forecasting, and (6) project financing. The new energy service company must have the engineering, financial, and managerial resources and skills to provide these services. It must also have the ability to recognize the needs of a changing industry and adapt to these changes in order to survive and ultimately provide a benefit to society.

ISSN:0199-8595    

DOI:10.1080/01998595.1998.10530428

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor