ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anti‐alloantibodies of anti‐(Lewis anti‐DA) specificity were successfully induced in (Lewis × DA)F1rats by the IgG fraction, F(ab')2, and Fab fragments of Lewis anti‐DA alloantibodies, Fc fragments as well as separated heavy and light chains from the same alloantibody failed to induce anti‐alloantibodies. The idiotypic determinant on alloantibodies seems to be related to a structure formed by the two polypep

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A component (protein ARC) antigenically related to the uncommon amyloid fibril protein AR was detected in 16 of 352 sera with M‐components. Another serum component (protein ASC), related to the commoner nonimmunoglobulin amyloid fibril subunit protein AS. was found in 149 of the same 352 sera. However, only one of the 16 sera with protein ARC contained protein ASC. giving evidence for a high degree of mutual exclusion between the two amyloid fibril‐related components in serum. A considerable deviation of the normal χ/δ ratio towards a predominance of the δ type of light chain was seen among the sera with monoclonal IgG or IgA and protein ARC. No similar deviation of the χ/δ ratio could be observed among the sera with pro

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We describe a simple method for detecting surface‐associated IgG on some human lymphoid cell lines and on mouse lymphocytes. using fluorescentStaphylococcus aureus(strain Cowan 1). The adherence of the fluorescent bacteria to cell surface‐located IgG is mediated by protein A (SpA) molecules on the bacterial cell wall. Inhibition of the adherence of bacteria by soluble SpA was used for quantitation of IgG on cell surface. The method has a good specificity and a high sensitivity and detects approximately 600 IgG molecules per c

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Protein A fromStaphylococcus aureusis known to interact in a specific manner with most subclasses of mammalian IgG, In our present work we have used protein A labeled with fluorescent or radioactive markers as a probe to detect cell‐associated IgG molecules. Using this approach to study human lymphocytes or lymphoid cell lines, we have found it possible to assess with accuracy the percentage of cells in a given population that carry a certain surface marker. Precise measurements can also be made as to quantities of cell surface‐attached IgG molecules, thereby allowing determinations of antigenic site numbers per cell in a new and simplified manner. We report here in detail the actual technical procedures involved, together with tests for human cell surface structures, including immunoglobulin molecules of IgG and other classes, HL‐A antigenic sites, beta2‐microglobulin, and T lymphocyte‐specifi

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The responses to the polyclonal B‐cell activators dextran sulphate (DxS), lipo polysaccharide (LPS), and purified protein derivative from tuberculin (PPD) were followed along the differentiation process of fetal liver cells to mature B cells in irradiated hosts It was shown that these cells sequentially gained responsiveness to DxS. LPS, and PPD, in that order. It was also shown that the result of activation depends only on the differentiation degree of the target cells at the turn they are activated. Thus, more primitive cells can only divide, and most of the DxS‐. LPS‐, or PPD‐induced blasts are lg‐negative soon after the cells become responsive to each ligand. The response of more differentiated cells is characterized also by high‐rate antibody synthesis. These results provide a unique possibility of using polyclonal B‐cell activators as well‐defined functional markers for sub‐populations of B cells and shed a new light on the problem of immune

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Efferent lymph, taken from BCG‐sensitized sheep 6 to 20 hr after inaction of PPD, was fractionated by chromatography on Sephadex G‐200 and on Sepharoseconcanavalin A and by rechromatography on Sephadex G‐200 The fractions were examined for their ability to inhibit the migration of normal guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells (MIF assay) and to stimulate the uptake of colloidal gold by these cells (GUS assay). Antigen‐dependent MIF activity and GUS activity eluted from Sephadex G 200 in the albumin fraction. No corresponding activities were found in this region when control lymph was fractionated in an identical manner. After chromatography on Sepharoseconcanavalin A, antigen‐dependent MIF activity was associated with a glycoprotein fraction containing IgG. After rechromatography on Sephadex G‐200, antigen‐dependent MIF and GUS activities eluted at a position corresponding with that of proteins of 60,000 to 70,000 molecular weight, and these fractions contained less than 2.5 μg/ml IgG. Soluble mediators produced in vivo by sheep with a delayed hypersensitivity response to PPD possessed antigen dependent MIF activity. The antigen‐dependent macrophage‐inhibiting and macro phage‐activating factors were closely associated in fractions that did not appear to contain signif

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Supernatants from allogeneic spleen cell mixtures contain factors that replace both thymus‐derived lymphocytes and adherent macrophage‐equivalent cells in the in vitro primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes The making of these cell‐replacing products requires the initial presence of allogeneic thymus‐derived lymphocytes, but the final producer appears to be the adherent cell Inhibition of DNA synthesis of allogeneic spleen cell mixtures prevents formation of these cell‐replacing factors It is the late maturation processes leading to the formation of high‐rate antibody‐producing cells among the antigen‐specific bone marrow‐derived splenic lymphocytes that are amplified by soluble products from supernatants of allogeneic spleen cells, because such supernatants are most active when added to purified splenic bone marrow cells that have been in contact with antigen for 48 hr. Both these early and late maturation processes of splenic bone marrow cells are sensitive to mitomycin C and require the continuous presence of antigen. A model is presented where activated thymus‐derived lymphocytes alarm macrophages to secrete a product that helps bone marrow‐derived lymphocytes that have been in primary contact with antigen to develop and mature into high‐rate

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rabbit antisera against human β2‐microgluhulin were found to be mitogenic for mouse spleen cells, giving rise to a peak DNA synthetic response on day 2 in cultures containing serum‐free medium. The mitogenic effect was shown on cells from spleens of nude ‘athymic’ mice and on spleen B cells, but no effect was found on cortisone resistant mouse thymocytes or on spleen T cells. Thus, it was concluded that the serum was mitogenic for mouse B cells but not for T cells. This conclusion was confirmed by experiments showing that the antiserum was able to induce polyclonal antibody synthesis in mouse spleen cells in culture. The activity of the scrum was absorbed by pure human β2‐microglobulin as well as by mouse thymocytes and bone

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We found that chickens responded to an injection of 1 mg of alum‐precipitated conjugates of (4‐hydroxy‐3‐iodo‐5‐nitrophenyl)acetyl and bovine serum albumin (NIP‐BSA) or human gammaglobulin (NIP‐HGG) with an anti‐NIP response. This response was enhanced to fivefold titers if the birds were given a small dose (2 or 0.2 μg) of the carrier protein in complete Freund's adjuvant a week before injection. If the dose of the carrier was large (200–2,000 μg), it decreased the subsequent anti‐NIP response to the conjugate. The effect of the preimmunization correlated with the formation of anti‐carrier antibodies: a good anti‐carrier response was connected with inhibition and a poor anti‐carrier response with enhancement of the anti‐NIP response. Large preimmunization doses of the carrier caused enhanced anti‐hapten responses if the carrier was methylated or dodecanoylated; in this case the anti‐carrier humoral responses were weak. Large doses of the native carrier increased the subsequent anti‐hapten response if spleen cells of the preimmunized donors were injected into cyclophosphamide‐treated donors, who were then immunized with the hapten conjugate. The results confirm earlier studies indicating that collaboration of carrier‐specific cells and hapten‐specific cells is required in the chicken for an optimal anti‐hapten response. They further indicate that carrier‐primed cells do not reside in the thymus and that, also in birds, immunization by methylated or dodecanoylated protein causes good priming for helper function but bad priming

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY