摘要:

The reconstitutive capacity of normal lymphoid cells versus cells obtained from mice immunized with keyhole limpet haemocyanin was studied in lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients using horse erythrocytes as the test antigen. Evidence was obtained for an immune deficiency in the inoculum from immune donors, which was interpreted as evidence in favour of a cellular mechanism to account for antigen‐induced suppression (‘antigenic competition’). The unexpected inhibition of reconstitution with excessive numbers of normal spleen cells was duplicated in experiments using thymus or thymus‐derived cells. Experiments assessing the effect of cortisone‐resistant thymus cells on the response of normal spleen cells, in vivo and in vitro, gave evidence that a relative surplus of such thymus cells possess a capability for suppressing antibody formation. Since helper function by T cells is now well documented, this work is further indicative of the broader view, namely immuno‐regulation

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb01811.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Leucocyte migration cultures for detection of cellular hypersensitivity in man were prepared for light and electron microscopy 2 and 4 hours after the onset of migration. Antigen‐containing as well as control cultures were studied. The cell types found were polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN), eosinophilic granulocytes (EO) and lymphocytes (LYM). In the central part of the cultures differential countings showed values comparable to those of peripheral blood. The peripheral monolayer of the migration area contained a large proportion of EO and comparatively few LYM. The cell number of the monolayer increased between the second and fourth hours of migration. Ultrastructurally the PMN presented a more or less disintegrated cytoplasm, but their ability to phagocytize and hydrolyse the corpuscular antigen (brucella bacteria) seemed undisturbed. The EO and LYM appeared less active, although their cytoplasm also contained signs of phagocytic activity. The LYM contained sparse elements of granular endoplasmic reticulum. Apart from the bacterial phagocytosis in the PMN no morphological differences were noted between the cells in the control and antigen‐containing cultu

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb01812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Intracellular rheumatoid factor activity is found mostly in IgM plasma cells of rheumatoid synovial membranes from seropositive patients, while tissues from seronegative patients nearly always lack free rheumatoid factor. However, rheumatoid factor activity can be revealed in a considerable number of IgG plasma cells by pepsin digestion of tissues both from seropositive and seronegative patients. This activity has been further characterized by sequential double immunofluorescence staining. It was demonstrated in plasma cells representing each of the four IgG subclasses. The proportion of rheumatoid plasma cells with this activity varied in tissues from different individuals, but in some seronegative cases about 50% or more of the IgG plasma cells contained such‘hidden’ rheumatoid factor. Most of the IgG rheumatoid factors in plasma cells possessed the ability to react with several IgG subclass proteins, and were thus often directed against antigens common to two or more subclasses. The results gave evidence of intracellular blocking of rheumatoid factor activity, due to IgG‐IgG rheumatoid factor complexes. Additional evidence of such plasma cell complexes was obtained by observing an in vitro fixation of the complement components Clq and C3 to such cells. The fixation of aggregated IgG to extracellular deposits and to inclusions in synovial lining cells and joint fluid leukocytes was due to Clq as well as to rheumatoid f

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb01813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Covalently linked subunits, subunits aggregated from two half subunits, half subunits, F(ab′μ)2and Fab′μ were prepared. K‐values 1900–5800 times lower than those for intact IgM and rabbit red cells were found for the covalently linked subunits, the aggregated subunits, and F(ab′μ)2and 12,500–38,500 times lower for half subunits and Fab′μ. Only whole subunits and F(ab′μ)2agglutinated rabbit red cells; compared to intact IgM the titre was reduced markedly, but from the calculated amount of molecules bound per red cell, IgM was found to be on a weight basis only twice as effective as the subunits and F(ab′μ)2in

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb01814.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) toSalmonellapolymerized flagellin (POL) was transferred to normal and lethally irradiated CBA mice by POL‐activated thymus‐derived (T) cells or by lymphoid cells rich in T cells from POL‐primed donors, butnotby POL‐activated bone marrow‐derived (B) cells or by serum from POL‐primed donors. It was therefore concluded that T cells play a key role in the initiation of DTH reactions. T cells activated by POL of one specificity were equally able to transfer DTH to POL of the same or of another specificity. DTH to haemocyanin (HCY) (Jasus lalandii) was transferred only by HCY‐activated T cells. Two interpretations of these findings are discussed: 1) that T cells may be less restricted in specificity than B cells, and 2) that T cells recognize a common antigenic determinant (carrier determinant) on the polymerized flagellins ofSalmonella spp, which is not recogn

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb01815.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ability of thymus‐derived (T) cells activated by polymerized flagellin (POL) fromSalmonella adelaideto transfer anti‐POL delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to normal mice was largely abrogated by pretreating the cells with anti‐Θ serum and complement, and completely abrogated by pretreating the cells with POL labelled with125I‐iodine to hight specific activity. The thymocyte precursors of POL‐activated T cells were also inactivated by treatment with125I‐POL. T cells activated by POL of one specificity were completely inactivated by125I‐POL of the same or of anothei specificity but not at all by125I‐labelIed haemocyanin(Jasus lalandii). Preincubation of POL‐activated T cells with rabbit anti‐mouse light chain globulin prevented their subsequent inactivation by125I‐POL but did not reduce their ability to transfer anti‐POL DTH. The significance of t

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb01816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three new fragments, each with a molecular weight of about 100,000, were isolated after papain proteolysis of normal monomer human IgG. The fragments isolated were as follows: F(c)2fragment with Fc determinants only, Fab/c fragment with both Fc and Fab determinants, and F(ab′) fragment with only Fab determinants. The F(c)2fragment appeared to be a dimer of Fc stabilized by disulphide bonds, whilst the F(ab)2fragment consisted of Fab subunits mainly held together by non‐covalent forces. The Fab/c fragment is probably a single Fab fragment and the Fc fragment held together by an unbroken heavy ch

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb01817.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study concerned the binding of sheep red blood cells by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The results indicate that the phenomenon (rosette formation) is probably dependent on thymus‐derived lymphocytes (T lymphocytes) and not due to bone marrow lymphocytes (B lymphocytes). These data were obtained by a gradient centrifugation technique separating B lymphocytes from rosette‐forming cells, by direct study of B lymphocytes and rosette‐forming cells in the same preparations, and from the study of patients with selective immunodeficiency diseases and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Furthermore, inhibition of rosette formation was absent or very weak after incubation of lymphocytes with anti‐immunoglobulin antisera, but considerable following their incubation with unspecific mitogens (phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, anti‐lymphocyte antiserum) and also after trypsin treatment. Incubation temperature was important for the frequency of rosettes, and experiments with metabolic inhibitors showed that to form rosettes the lymphocytes required an intact energy p

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb01818.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb01819.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Symposium was attended by 150 participants from 19 countries and included, besides invited speakers, mostly young scientists.The topics covered were: genetics and evolution, allelic exclusion mechanisms, immunoglobulin genes (V and C genes), allotypes and related markers, surface immunoglobulins on lymphocytes, idiotypes and other V‐region markers, Ig gene expression and genetic basis for immunodeficiencies. Most of the data presented at the meeting are included in the following abstracts.A report on the conference has recently been published in Nature N. B. 237, 1. 197

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb01820.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY