ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00946.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mink persistently infected with Aleutian disease virus (ADV) develop hypergammaglobulinaemia and immune complex disease. Radiolabelled antibodies from mink infected with ADV‐G, DK, Pullman, and Utah I strains of ADV were reacted against all four ADV strains in radioimmunoassay (RIA). The amount of anti‐ADV antibody in two equally hypergammaglobulinaemic serum pools varied from 13% (anti‐Pullman) to 57% (anti‐Utah I). Serum pools from two other sources (anti‐DK and anti‐ADV‐G), although less hypergammaglobulinaemic, had 5% and 13%, respectively, indicating that 43–95% of the Ig in the sera of mink with AD was not specific antibody to ADV structural antigens. The possibility of a general polyclonal activation of the humoral immune system is being discussed. Comparison of plateau RIA binding levels for the four serum pools against the four viral antigens suggested three patterns of reactivity: DK and Utah I reacted similarly, but Pullman and ADV‐G reacted serolo

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00947.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Transplantation of F344 rat cultured thymic fragments was able to restore immune function to nude mice. Approximately half of such animals displayed increased lifespan (7–8 months). These mice were also capable of rejecting allogeneic mouse skin and rat skin from a strain (Buffalo) unrelated to the thymus donor; however, they were incapable of rejecting rat skin from the thymus donor strain. Proliferative responses to T‐cell mitogens were restored. Proliferative responses to alloantigens and xenoantigens in mixed leucocyte cultures were also restored and showed the same patterns of specific reactivity and non‐reactivity as in skin graft rejection. The ability to make antibody responses to specific antigens was also restored, but the responsiveness was more variable than for cell‐mediated responses. Some mice were able to make antibody to rabbit serum proteins; however, fewer mice made antibody to ovalbumin. The inability to respond to ovalbumin may be due to the fact that F344 rats are low responders to this protein. These results suggest that cultured xenogeneic thymus is effective in restoring two major differentiation functions of the normal thymus gland: development of specific antigen responsiveness and non‐respo

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00948.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mink persistently infected with Aleutian disease virus (ADV) develop plasmacytosis (hypergammaglobulinaemia) and immune complex disease. Mink of different colour phases were infected with different strains of ADV and bled at different times after infection. The average antibody affinities (Kav) were measured in the sera and found to fall in the range of 2×109−2 × 1010M−1, thus indicating good‐quality antibodies. In sera of non‐Aleutian genotype mink a decline in Kavduring development of plasmacytosis was observed. Moreover, the antibody heterogeneity (a values) tended to decrease during the disease progress. In contrast. the Kavvalues in sera of infected Aleutian genotype mink remained relatively high alter hypergammaglobulinaemia developed, and the antibody heterogeneity for certain of the mink sera indicated restricted heterogeneity (high α values). In agreement with the clonal selection theory, low virus burden (for instance, during infection with a low‐virulence ADV strain (generated relatively higher affinity antibodies than a high virus burden (for instance, the highly virulent Utah I strain of ADV), Furthermore, antibodies present in low concentration were of higher affinity than antibodies present in high concentrations. The relatively high affinity antibodies found in this study indicate that if the immune complex disease seen in AD is caused by virus‐anti‐virus antibodies, good‐quality antibodies are likely to be responsible for the pat

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00949.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have investigated the ability of allogeneic, irradiated T lymphocytes to induce proliferation and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion in untreated peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Non‐mitogen‐activated co‐cultures of isolated T and B lymphocytes from selected, full‐house HLA‐A, B and D/DR antigen‐phenotyped donors were reconstituted in a ratio of 4:1. Proliferation was assessed on day 5–6 of culture by the3H‐thymidine incorporation technique, and the Ig secretion was monitored on day 6 with a protein A plaque‐forming cell (PFC) assay. B lymphocytes were able to diffferentiate into PFC, and the number of plaques was significantly higher in cultures of cells with two HLA‐D/DR antigen incompatibilities than in those sharing one antigen. In cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes with no HLA‐D/DR antigen difference, only a few PFC developed. HLA‐A and B antigens had no influence on the response. Further, monocytes were not an absolute requirement for allogeneic activation of B cells. Sonicated T cells and culture supernatants from allogeneic T‐ and B‐cells cultures were not able to induce PFC formation in B lymphocytes. Our results indicate that the PFC response obtained in non‐mitogen‐activated cultures of allogeneic T and B lymphocytes is dependent on HLA‐D/DR disparity or on gen

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00950.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Secretory component (SC) was localized in the liver of guinea pigs, dogs, rabbits, rats, and mice. In rabbits, rats, and mice SC localized predominantly in bile canaliculi and on hepatocyte sinusoidal membranes but was doubtful in cholangincytes. In dogs and guinea pigs SC‐staining was not detected in/on hepatocytes and canaliculi but was strong in/on cholangiocytes, as reported for humans. In guinea pigs IgA biliary output was small (0.23 mg/kg/day), as for dogs and humans, and below IgG output (1.4mg). in contrast to rats, whose IgA biliary output (38 mg/kg/day) was much larger than IgG output (2 mg). Biliary obstruction in guinea pigs induced only minor increases in serum IgA (+ 26% over 24 h), as reported for dogs and humans, in contrast to rats (+ 800% over 24 h) and rabbits. Hepatocyte SC expression correlates with IgA hepatobiliary excretion, being low in guinea pigs, dogs, and humans but high in rats, rabbits, and mic

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00951.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The in vitro effects of zinc on natural killer (NK) activity of murine spleen cells were studied. The pretreatment of splenocytes with nun‐toxic concentrations of ZnSO4induced a decrease of lytic activity against YAC‐1 and RDM‐4 targets. The lytic function of non‐activated and poly(I)‐poly(C)‐activaled NK cells was similarly inhibited When the interaction of effector cells with zinc was studied for 5 min, a significant inhibition of NK lysis was noted, which was maximal after 30 min. Zinc was undoubtedly responsible for the observed effects, since the concurrent addition of both zinc and suitable concentrations of o‐phenanthroline, a Zn++chelating agent, made it possible to maintain a normal level of lysis. Moreover, the pretreatment of spleen cells with increased concentrations of o‐phenanthroline also inhibited NK lysis, suggesting that a physiological intracellular zinc content is required to maintain an optimal lylic function of NK cells. Although the lysis was completely suppressed after the addition of 10−4M ZnSO4, the frequency of target‐binding cells (TBC), which was assumed to represent the first stage of NK‐mediated cytolysis, was only partly inhibited. The results are discussed in view of a possible action of zinc on cell membrane functions, enzyme systems, and r

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In all of four human germinal centre cell‐associated B lymphomas carrying sIgM + sIgD F(ab')2fragments of rabbit antibodies to human μ‐chain were accumulated intracellularly, whereas the accumulation of antibodies to δ‐chain was considerably less abundant. The accumulation of antibodies to light chain was intermediate between antibodies to μ‐ and δ‐chain. These results could be explained by the following observations: (i) the difference in the level of reexpression of sIgM and sIgD and (ii) the discovery that antibodies to δ‐chain bound to reexpressed sIgD were degraded at a higher rate than those bound to primary sIgD and at a higher rate than antibodies to μ‐chain, whether hound to primary

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood of normal donors produce free oxygen radicals (FR), delectable by chemiluminescence (CL). when interacting with target cells during natural killer (NK) cell lysis. FR‐producing cells were found to have monocyte characteristics and gave a positive CL reaction when mixed at low concentration (0.5%) with purified NK cells. No correlation was found between susceptibility to NK cell lysis and capacity to induce CL with different target cell lines. Using high and low molecular FR scavengers, no NK cell inhibition was seen with superoxide dismutase, cytochrome c, and catalase, whereas some inhibition was seen with 4,5‐dihydroxy‐in‐benzcnedisulphonic acid (Tironø) and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoatc. These compounds, however, required higher concentraiions than used for inhibition of CL, suggesting an alternative action of these compounds. Normal levels of NK cell activity were found in two patients with chronic granulomatous disease, who were genetically incapable of producing detectable amounts of FR. As a result, it is concluded that human NK cells do not produce large amounts of FR during killing and that FR are unlikely to be the lytic end product. Nevertheless, neither a low degree of FR formation in NK cells nor a more subtle signal‐transmitting role of FR during NK cell triggering can

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

DR and Tac antigens are present on T cells activated in vitro with mitogens and antigens but lacking on resting T cells. Freshly prepared peripheral blood T cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) and isolated IgA deficiency (IAD) were examined for the presence of DR and Tac antigens, using monoclonal antibodies and a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter.‘Both Tac+and DR+T cells were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the patient group when compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls; however, a discrepancy was observed in the proportions of Tac+T cells and DR+T cells. This study demonstrates that, in certain patients with CVI and IAD, T cells are activated in vivo, and Tac and DR antigens could be expressed during different stages of T‐cell a

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY