摘要:

Receptors that bind the Fc region of bovine immunoglobulin (Ig) have been isolated from the culture supernatant ofHaemophilus somnusby chromatography on a Sepharose 4B column. One receptor with a relative molecular weight of 41,000 weakly binds both bovine IgG subclasses, IgA and IgM, while three high molecular weight receptors (350,000, 270,000, and 120,000) strongly bind bovine IgG2, FgA, and IgM. All four Fc receptors are antigenically related and the 41,000 receptor appears to be a subunit of the high molecular weight receptors. In addition to bovine Ig, the purified 270,000 Fc receptor strongly binds horse IgG, rabbit IgG, pig IgG, cat IgG, dog IgG, and sheep IgG. The receptor also reacts weakly with mouse, rat, chicken, human, and guinea pig IgG and does not bind goal IgG. Fc receptors from 19H. somnusisolates were compared. Variations in the molecular weight of the 41,000 protein were demonstrated among preputial isolates from asymptomatic carriers, but ad other Isolates appeared to have identically migrating proteins.

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02424.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The in vitro functions of highly purified blood monocytes were studied in 11 patients suffering from acute bacterial infections (e.g. erysipelas, appendicitis, abscesses). Chemotaxis, superoxide‐anion generation, and β‐glucuronidase release of the patients' monocytes in response to the receptor‐dependent stimuli formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP), complement split product C5a, leukotriene B4(LTB4), and opsonized zymosan particles were measured. All the patients were examined in a follow‐up study during the course of illness. A group of 33 healthy volunteers served as control. The patients revealed a transient decrease in monocyte chemotactic migration in response to all stimuli between days 3 and 5 after onset of clinical symptoms. Superoxide‐anion generation from patients' monocytes was found to he enhanced 3 days after impaired chemotaxis. Stimulated release of lysosomal β‐glucuronidase showed a decrease in the first days of the disease. However, spontaneous β‐glucuronidase release was enhanced between days 3 and 7 in the patients' monocytes. Serial measurements of monocyte functions carried out in six healthy subjects showed no significant alterations in monocyte responsiveness. These results indicate a distinct modulation of monocyte functions during the course of an acute bacterial infection. Changes in monocyte maturity and/or activation under inflammatory conditions may be responsible for these alteration

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02425.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Sudanese children heavily infected withSchistosoma haematobiumand 5.mansoniwere examined for lymphocyte subpopulations, for mitogen and antigen responsiveness, and for natural killer (NK) cell activity before and 5 months after treatment with praziquantel. The humoral immune response was simultaneously investigated by determination of parasite‐specific IgG and IgE antibodies. IgE‐containing circulating immune complexes, and circulating schistosome antigen. A single dose treatment with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) resulted in a normalization of numerical imbalances in lymphocyte sub‐populations, a significant increase in the blastogenic response upon stimulation with adult worm antigen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and concanavalin A (Con A), and restoration of natural killer (NK) cell‐mediated lysis of K562 targets. These findings were paralleled by a remarkable decrease in parasite‐specific IgE antibodies, IgE‐containing circulating immune complexes, and circulating schistosome antigen. The results indicate that the modulation of immune responses in chronic schistosomiasis is associated with active infection and is reversible after successful c

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02426.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)‐specific antigens were purified from beef heart mitochondria by immunoaffinity chromatography Three major polypeptides (75, 60, and 40 kDa) were detected in the purified antigen fraction both by Coomassie blue staining and by western blot analysis. The 75 kDa antigen was identified as a subunit of Complex I (NADH‐ubiquinone reductase) by the following criteria: (1) antibodies against the purified 75 kDa subunit of beef heart Complex I read with the immunoaffinity‐purified 75 kDa antigen. (2) the 75 kDa subunit present in isolated Complex I, like that in the immunoaffinity‐purified antigen, reacts with PBC sera only after reduction with mercaptoethanol, and (3) the 75 kDa antigen is enriched in isolated Complex I. A relationship between the 75 kDa and the 60 and 40 kDa antigens is suggested, since optimal binding of anti‐mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA) to the latter antigens also requires prior reduction with mercaptoethanol. A fourth major antigen (70 kDa) was also detected by western blot analysis, but only in samples that had not been boiled prior to electrophoresis. This antigen, which is also present in isolated Complex I, resembles the 75, 60, and 40 kDa antigens in its response to mercaptoethanol and its reaction with antibodies against the 75 kDa subunit of Complex I. A scheme is presented which relates all of the PBC antigens to the parent 75 kDa subunit of Complex I, probably as proteolytic products of t

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02427.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and 1‐oleoyl‐2‐acetyl‐rac‐glycerol (OAG) are shown to induce a rapid (within 30 min) down‐regulation of the capacity of activated human T lymphocytes to bind interleukin 2. This was associated with a manifold increase in membrane‐associated protein kinase C, whereas no change in free cytoplasmic calcium was observed. In contrast, a 10‐fold increase in free cytoplasmic calcium by ionomycin had no effect on interleukin 2 binding or sub‐cellular distribution of protein kinase C. The reduction of interleukin 2 binding was caused by a decreased number of high‐affinity interleukin 2 receptors, whereas the affinity of the remaining receptors was unchanged. However, PMA and OAG had no effect on the rate of initialization of the interleukin receptor. These data suggest that activation of protein kinase C. but not an increase in free cytoplasmic calcium, leads to a rapid decrease in the number of high‐affinity interleukin 2 receptors on activated human T lymphocytes. However, the mechanism and biological importance of this phenomenon have to

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02428.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been shown to exert suppressive effects on the immune response but also to have mitogenic properties. A bacterial product, protein A fromStaphylococcus aureus(SpA) was chosen to study possible interaction in vitro between bacterial products and adherent cells incubated with infectious CMV and ultraviolet light (UV)‐inactivated CMV. Small amounts of infectious CMV potentiated SpA‐induced DNA synthesis and Ig secretion measured by induction of plaque‐forming cells (PFC). The reason for this may be that CMV in small amounts may act in synergism with the non‐specific mitogen SpA. UV‐inactivated CMV did not influence these responses except for a markedly enhanced PFC induction with SpA in lymphocytes from seronegative individuals. This remarkable synergism with SpA was also seen in enriched B cells. No synergism was seen in lymphocytes from seropositive donors. Large amounts of infectious CMV markedly reduced SpA‐induced immune responses. Preliminary data suggest that the immunosuppressive effects are mediated by an interleukin l inhibitory factor. CMV was not shown to be a polyclonal B‐cell activator but may, possibly in small amounts, act as such together with bacterial products, which would explain certain autoimmune phenomena. To conclude, CMV could in interaction with a bacterial product generate both synergistic and suppressive effects on im

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hone marrow transplantation (BMT) is initiated by immunocompetent T fells present in the graft. Selective elimination of distinct T‐cell subsets or a sufficient, but not complete T‐cell depletion, might abolish severe GVHD without graft rejection and loss of the anti‐tumour potential. In this study we analysed the efficacy of different monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) WT32(CD3), OKT4(CD4), T101 (CDS), WT1 (CD7), and WT82 (CD8) with respect to their cytotoxicity to T cells cither as immunotoxin (IT) or in combination with complement. The cytotoxic potential was assessed by protein synthesis inhibition and clonogenic a minor effect on blood or bone marrow T cells, although they were highly inhibitory to T‐cell lines. However, in the presence of 20 mmammonium chloride, IT directed against CD3, CDS, and CD7 were highly cytotoxic. IT directed against CD4 and CD8 were less effective, due to a low internalization. The complement‐mediated cytotoxicity was efficient for all antigens used.The natural killer (NK) activity, as measured by cytotoxicity to K562, was hardly depressed by anti‐CD3, anti‐CD4, anti‐CD5, and anti‐CD8, but was eliminated by ami‐CD7. All procedures used had only a minimal effect on haematopoietic progenitors as measured by CFU‐GM and BFU‐E assays. We concluded that, although the T‐cell population can be eliminated with the combination of anti‐CD3, anti‐CD5, and anti‐CD7 antibodies plus complement, IT with 20 mmNH4CI appear to kill higher amounts of T cells‐ Selective elimination of CD4‐ and CD8‐positive cells is eff

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) were raised against p27 isolated from psoriatic scale. The MoAb recognized the antigen on a subfraction (0.1–1%)of psoriatic lymphocytes as well as in skin biopsies from psoriatic patients. In contrast, the antigen could not be detected on lymphocytes or in skin biopsies from healthy controls. A sandwich ELISA assay using the MoAb for detection of p27 is described. This method, together with a competition antibody‐binding assay for distinction of epitopes, demonstrates that the MoAb recognize lour different antigenic determinants on

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thoracic dud lymphocytes (TDL) were labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FTTC) and injected into normal, unanaesthetized rats with either a central venous catheter or a thoracic duct cannula. The blood transit time and the appearance in the lymph was calculated and then the percentages of B, T, T helper, and T suppressor lymphocytes were determined with monoclonal antibodies (Ox12, Ox19, W3/25, and Ox8, respectively). The blood transit time of all subsets was about 30 min. However, the percentage of H lymphocytes from 5 min after injection onwards is reduced (14.5±1.9%) compared to the injected TDL (32.7±1.7%), These cells are not in the lung vascular pool. The recovery of FITC‐labelled TDL in the thoracic duel within 48 h is much higher (56.8±5.3% of the injected lymphocytes) than in previous studies using radioactive markers. B lymphocytes appear later and in a reduced number in the thoracic duel. The mean transit time is 26 h and the recovery 31.5±4.2% in contrast to T lymphocytes (18 h and 66.3±6.5%, respectively). Tile technique of combining FITC in vitro labelling with surface staining after completion of migration does not interfere with lymphocyte migration. It can therefore be used to study the migration of lymphocyte subsets, in normal, untreated a

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A critical problem in leprosy is the relative deficiency of antigen‐specific T cell‐mediated immunity. We were successful in detecting a significant response to viableM. lepraein mononuclear cells isolated from the lymph nodes of lepromatous leprosy patients in contrast to the apparentM. leparae‐specific energy seen in the peripheral blood. This observation suggests that antigen‐reactive lymphocytes are generated in the lymph nodes of lepromatous patients but the inability to detect them in the circulation may be due either to a different processing and presentation of mycobacterial antigens within the peripheral blood and lymph node compartments or to a selective sequestration of lymphocytes within the lym

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY