摘要:

The immunological effector mechanism responsible for the elimination of virus in murine acute non‐fatal extracranial lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection was studied. In this infection virus clearance is generally regarded as the result of a direct action of virus‐specific cytotoxic T cells (Tccells) on virus‐producing target cells in the infected mouse. However, by manipulating the antiviral immune response by pretreatment with various doses of cyclophosphamide, we found lack of correlation between Te‐cell activity and the clearance of virus. In contrast, we observed a conspicuous correlation between the host's ability to mount a virus‐specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and its capacity to combat virus. Moreover, pretreatment with silica and carragheenan prolonged viraemia without impairment of the peak Tc‐cell response. These findings indicate that Tccells have little or no capacity to eliminate virus, at least in the absence of an inflammatory response, and our findings suggest that virus clearance reflects a DTH

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The immunological relationship between leprosy‐derived corynebacteria (LDC) and reference mycobacteria was analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel. For this purpose, three reference systems (LDC15/anti‐LDC15, LDC18/anti‐LDC8, and LDC8/anti‐LDC8) were developed. They showed 15 to 20 distinct antigenic components in LDC cytoplasm. Extensive cross‐reactivity was observed among different LDC isolates, affecting 3 to 17 components. Moreover, several components were shown to cross‐react with mycobacteria when anti‐bacillus Calmette‐Gudrin (BCG), anti‐Mycobarterium leprae, other antisera and lepromatous leprosy sera were incorporated in the intermediate gel. The major cross‐reactive component, antigen M, was present in all LDC isolates and cross‐reacted with antigen 7 of M. leprae and antigen 60 of M. bovis BCG. The thermostability of these antigens and the specificity of the cross‐reacting antigens were assessed. The data underline the degree of immunochemical homogeneity within the LDC group of microorganisms and relatedness with M. leprae

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00817.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Monoclonal mouse antibodies to human IgG myeloma proteins were produced and characterized by determining their binding to a series of different purified myeloma proteins. Two types of immunization schedules were used. When the same myeloma protein was used for priming and boosting the mouse, all determinants of the molecule were effectively immunogenic. Of the 353 clones originating from these experiments 42% secreted anti‐Fvantibodies, 57% anti‐CHantibodies, and 0.85% anti‐CL, antibodies. In another schedule only the CLand CHregions were the same in priming and boosting; 270 anti‐CH(94%), 18 anti‐CL(16%), and no anti‐Fvhybridomas were found. Our results indicate that a unit mass of the Fvregion was 1.3 times more antigenic than a unit mass of the CHregion. A unit mass of the CHregion was nearly five times more antigenic than a unit mass of the CLdomain when the antigenicity of the Fvregion had been excluded. When the antigenicity of the Fvregion had not been excluded, a unit mass of the CHregion was about twenty times more antigenic than a unit mass of the CLdomain. The data suggest that an antigenic competition was taking place between different parts of the molecule and that the strongly antigenic region (Fv) was more efficient in competing out the nearest neighbour (CL) than in competing out other parts of t

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00818.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The reactivity of human natural killer (NK) cells against normal autologous target cells was studied. The following major observations were made: (i) non‐stimulated NK cells did not lyse autologous target cells, although allogeneic cells were killed to some extent. However, treatment of effector cells with interferon (IFN) resulted in induction of autologous cytotoxicity, and both autologous and allogeneic fibroblast targets were efficiently killed without preference. This was demonstrated both with unfractionated lymphocytes and with effector cells highly enriched in large granular lymphocytes (LGL). (ii) NK cells bound to autologous cells as efficiently as to allogeneic cells. The cells binding to autologous cells were able to lyse K562 cells, demonstrating their NK nature. After stimulation with IFN autologous cells were also killed, (iii) The exemption from autologous cytotoxicity by the non‐stimulated NK cells seemed to result from a block at a post‐binding stage, and there did not appear to be any need for accessory cells in the induction of autologous reactivity by IFN treatment of the LGLs. The results thus point to important post‐binding‐stage regulatory mechanisms saving normal cells from the cytotoxic action of circulating NK cells and may help to understand the suggested role of NK cells in certain autoimmune

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00819.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

3H‐thymidine incorporation in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls was measured in vitro in the absence of added stimulants. A significantly higher level of spontaneous DNA synthesis was found in cultures of mononuclear cells from patients with clinically active RA than from patients with inactive disease and normal controls. This activity was more apparent in 24–h cultures than in 72–h cultures. There was no correlation between DNA levels and IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) litres. When T‐ and non–T–cell populations were separated and cultured simultaneously with unfractionated cells, only non‐T cells maintained high levels of DNA synthesis, and enrichment of surface membrane Ig+(SmIg) cells was generally associated with enhancement of3H‐thymidine incorporation. Furthermore, no difference was found in spontaneous DNA synthesis between cultures either containing or depleted of phagocytic cells. Moreover, the addition of graded numbers of autologous monocytes to highly purified T– and non–T–cell populations did not alter the background DNA synthesis. Thus, endogenously activated cells in RA patients are neither T lymphocytes nor monocytes. A regulatory influence by monocytes could not be demonstrated. It is suggested that cells actively engaged in DNA synthesis in RA blood are non–T cells in origin, most

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00820.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The protein A plaque assay was used to quantitate the number of IgG‐, IgA‐, and IgM‐producing cells per 20 × 103lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) from 23 patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis (AM) in the acute stage 1–10 days after onset (group 1) and during late convalescence after 19–38 days (group II) and in PB from healthy controls. In the acute stage, IgG‐ and IgM‐producing cells were found with significantly higher frequency in both CSF and PB than in the late convalescence. In both patient groups there were more Ig‐producing cells in PB than in CSF. The predominant Ig class in PB of AM patients was IgA, just as in healthy individuals. In CSF, IgA‐ and IgG‐producing cells predominated at similar frequencies. In the group I patients, there were positive correlations between numbers of Ig‐producing cells of each class and the corresponding CSF Ig index, an indicator of intrathecal Ig synthesis. Since high numbers of Ig‐producing cells could be found in CSF that was otherwise normal, enumeration of Ig‐producing cells is considered a more sensitive indicator of the immune response intrathecally t

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00821.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The primary migration of lymphocytes from the blood was compared in nude rats and in euthymic rats. The flatter endothelium in the post‐capillary venules (PCV) in the lymph nodes of nude rats was as efficient as the high endotheluim of PCV in euthymic rats at capturing both T and B lymphocytes from the blood, although lymphocytes took a longer time to cross the PCV wall in nude recipients. The organ distribution of both lymphocytes and lymphoblasts ([125I]UdR‐labelled cells) was broadly similar in nude and euthymic recipients. A second aim was to compare B and T lymphocytes with respect to the rate and sites at which they leave the blood after intravenous injection. As judged by sampling venous blood, B lymphocytes left the blood faster, but this was partly attributable to a larger intravascular pool of B lymphocytes in small blood vessels, especially in the lung. Thoracic duct lymphocytes from nude rats collected under standard conditions (16 h, 0°C) entered the cervical lymph nodes very poorly, but when lymphocyte transfer was performed under more physiological conditions entry of B lymphocytes into lymph nodes was about half that of T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes did show a slight preference for entry into Peyer's patches compared with lymph n

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00822.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The recirculation of lymphocytes through the tissues and their return to the blood were compared in nude and euthymic rats. Three approaches were used: the organ distribution of15Cr‐labelled lymphocytes from nude or euthymic donors at 24 h after injection: the compartmental distribution of B and T lymphocytes as assessed by autoradiography of the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches; and the tempo of recirculation from blood to thoracic duct lymph as estimated by counting timed fractions of lymph from a recipient of labelled lymphocytes. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) The distribution of lymphocytes between organs and wilhin organs is very similar in nude and euthymic recipients. In particular, B lymphocytes proceed normally to the follicular areas in the absence of T cells. (2) The recircufation from blood to lymph is delayed in nude rats. (3) For equal numbers of B and T cells injected intravenously about half as many B cells as T cells enter mesenteric and cervical lymph nodes, but approximately equal numbers of B and T cells enter the spleen and Peyer's patche

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) cultures of human lymphocyte subsets with or without the addition of physiological doses of human alpha interferon (IFN‐α) were compared with respect to surface marker phenotypes and proliferative capacities of the responder cells. A selective depression on the T4 (inducer) I ‐cell subset could be demonstrated as a sequence of events: decreased fluorescence intensity of the T4 inducer cells (day 2 of culture), decreased percentages of T4 cells as demonstrated by cell cytofluorometry (days 3–6 of culture), and decreased3H‐thymidine incorporation of purified T4 cells and decreased numbers of T4 ceils harvested from IFN MLRs (days 5–6 of culture). In contrast, it was shown that the T8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) subset in MLRs was either not affected or slightly stimulated by the addition of IFN. The depression of the T4 cells by IFN was accompanied by a decrease in the number of activated T cells expressing Ia antigens. On the other hand, IFN MLRs contained greater numbers of cells expressing the T10 differentiation antigen. In experiments with purified T‐cell subsets the IFN effect was exerted directly on the T4 cells and not mediated by either T8 suppressor cells or monocytes. These findings are discussed in relation to other immunoregulatory effe

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00824.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The IgA level in rat bile was significantly decreased by drainage of the thoracic duct, and passively administered IgA antibodies toEscherichia coliO antigen decreased similarity. In contrast, specific IgA antibodies againstE. coliO antigen raised by immunization in the Peyer's patches did not diminish significantly in the bile. Rats immunized in the Peyer's patches with sheep erythrocytes had IgA‐forming cells in the thoracic lymph nodes, in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and in the spleen. Perfusion of the liver of immunized animals significantly decreased the bile levels of the IgA antibodies. It seems that IgA antibodies reach the bile not only via the thoracic duct but also via lymph ducts originating from thoracic lymph glands and the splee

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00825.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY