摘要:

SummaryThis paper addresses the need for receptors involved in recirculation of T lymphocytes both during development and during an immune response or inflammation. Some known receptors present on T lymphocytes which are important in maintaining normal T‐cell localization and function, i.e. the integrins, LECAMs, LPAM‐1 and H‐CAM (CD44) are considered in terms of the specificity which they confer on lymphocyte recirculation. A clear understanding of lymphocyte trafficking patterns and of the receptors involved may provide, for example, novel therapies for treatment of malignant cancer, alleviation of damage caused by lymphocytes during inflammatory responses, and targeting of cells to sites of infe

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02967.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The schistosome granuloma cultured in vitro under antigenic specific and unspecific stimulation releases macrophage fusion factor (MFF) into the medium, adjusting the production dynamics to the spontaneous modulation model already described. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of studying granulomatous response in mammalian schistosomiasis utilizing an in vitro model of lymphokine granuloma secretion.

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02968.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) level in serum is a marker of immune regulation and lymphocyte activation. Highly elevated levels of sIL‐2R in serum were observed in patients of schistosomiasis with carcinoma of the bladder (SCB) and carcinoma of the bladder without schistosomiasis (CB) compared with patients with carcinoma of the prostate with or without schistosomiasis and normal healthy controls. Patients with SCB, who had an elevated percentage of cells expressing CD38+activation antigen and CD71+transferrin receptors in circulation, also had elevated levels of sIL‐2R in serum. There were few interleukin‐2 receptor (CD25+) positive cells in circulation in some patients with SCB. Despite this, the sIL‐2R levels were extremely elevated. Our data suggest that in SCB, CD38+and CD71+cells may be the source of secretion of sIL‐2R in serum. This relationship was confirmed by phenotypic characterizations of mononuclear cells and sIL‐2R levels in individual patients. Measurements of sIL‐2R levels in serum may provide a sensitive method of immune activation in

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02969.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Surface plasmon resonance, i.e. detection of changes in refractive index on a surface, was used in a biosensor to evaluate the dissociation/association rate and affinity constants of human monoclonal IgG and IgM antibodies and Tab fragments. The results showed that an observed difference in affinity constants between intact and fragmented IgG anti‐tetanus antibody was related to approximately 10‐fold differences in dissociation rate constants, since the association rate constants were in the same range, i.e. 2–3×105(m‐1s‐1). Affinity constants, as determined by conventional solid phase enzyme immunoassays, were substantially higher than the constants produced by the biosensor. Human monoclonal IgM anti‐Tnα antibodies showed, furthermore, one order of magnitude higher association rate constants, as compared with the IgG antibodies, but since the dissociation rate constants were more than ten times higher, the resulting affinity constants of the anti‐carbohydrate IgM antibodies were still somewhat lower than those of the

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The complete amino acid structure of the variable regions of two monoclonal human rheumatoid factors (RF), antibodies that bind to the Fc portion of IgG, is presented. Although these RFs are of different isotypes, IgG (SFL) and IgM (RIV), they are highly related. They probably derive from the same KIII light chain variable region used, but the heavy chains are derived from genes of the VHIII family that are probably evolutionarily related. An analysis of the level of somatic mutation reveals that antigen selection was probably involved in the maturation of these clones. These antibodies, although highly related, are not merely IgM to IgG switch variants which occurred independently in different individuals. Little is currently known about the structure of IgG RFs and this study indicates that the level of somatic mutation of SFL is similar to other autoantibodies or antiviral antibodies of the IgG isotype.

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human neonate B lymphocytes display unique phenotypic and functional characteristics: in addition to CD1c antigens, CD5+and CD5‐subsets both express activation markers such as CD23 and Bac‐1. They proliferate strongly in the presence of various lymphokines (rIL‐2, rIL‐4, low molecular weight BCGF), but differentiate poorly in the presence of the same lymphokines, pokeweed mitogen and Epstein Barr virus. It has also been reported that human neonate B lymphocytes produce polyreactive autoantibodies after in vitro activation byStaphylococcus aureusCowan I and transformation by Epstein Barr virus. We now show that, in the absence of in vitro stimulation, human neonate B lymphocytes produce polyreactive antibodies of the IgM isotype against several autoantigens. The B lymphocytes involved expressed membrane IgD, IgM, CD23 and CD11b molecules; CD5 expression was variable. This phenotype was consistently found on a minority of B lymphocytes and is similar to that of polyreactive autoantibody‐producing B cells in mice. We also found that autoantibody production in vitro could occur in the absence of any T helper effectThe function of these autoantibodies is not clearly established, but their occurrence in a large proportion of human neonates strongly suggests that they play an important role in the development of the immu

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02972.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

T cells and other leucocytes regularly occur within and subjacent to the gut epithelium. Recent data suggest that intestinal epithelial cells may exert accessory immunological functions. Although interactions between leucocytes and accessory cells usually require expression of adhesion molecules, intestinal epithelium has generally been considered negative for intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) by immunohistochemical techniques. We therefore studied the expression of ICAM‐1 and lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐3 (LFA‐3) by two colonic epithelial cell lines and found that both adhesion molecules were constitutively present at low levels. ICAM‐1 protein expression could be enhanced within 4 h by cytokines, particularly alter co‐incubation with interferon‐γ(IFN) and tumour necrosis factor‐α(TNF), interleukin‐1β(IL‐1), or IL‐6. IFN also resulted in accumulation of ICAM‐1 mRNA. Conversely, the LFA‐3 expression was virtually unaffected by cytokine stimulation. These data imply that intestinal epithelial cells under certain conditions may bear adhesion molecules required for cooperation with juxtaposed leucocytes in situ, and that the expression of some of these molecules is modulated by cytokines f

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02973.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to understand why most strains of Biozzi mice are unexpectedly either arthritis‐resistant, or susceptible, we investigate the autoantibody reactivity against matrix‐embedded collagen molecules. We show a dose correlation between these tissular and the free collagen antibodies, irrespective of arthritis susceptibility. These results are against an antibody response restricted to hidden non‐pathogenic epitopes in the resistant

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02974.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Murine hepatocytes cultured in the presence of human recombinant interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) show increased synthesis of fibrinogen and complement component C3 by the addition of histamine. No similar effect was achieved when murine hepatocytes were treated with histamine alone or with histamine and interleukin‐1 α together. Using histamine‐1 (H1) and H2 receptor antagonists a prevalence of histamine H1 receptor in the enhancement of IL‐6‐induced effect

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A cDNA clone corresponding to the MHC class II β‐chain of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been isolated and used in restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) studies in a family of full siblings of rainbow trout. A very simple RFLP pattern was detected, suggesting segregation of a homozygote AA genotype and a heterozygote AB genotype. The MHC class II β‐chain of the rainbow trout seems to he transcribed in the same type of cells as class II genes of higher vertebrates even though the cDNA clone recognizes atypical messenger sizes of 2.2 kb and 3.6kb in the analysed family. Surprisingly the transcripts seem to be allele‐specific for the assigned ge

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02976.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY