摘要:

A B‐cell fraction consisting of 70% of cells carrying the B‐cell‐associated B1 antigen, 15–20% of M1+non‐B cells, and less than 3% of T cells was prepared from the peripheral blood of healthy human donors, previously vaccinated with tetanus toxoid (TT). As assessed by immunofluorescence after treatment with neuraminidase, approximately 40–50% of the B cells had surface structures binding toHelix pomatiaA haemagglutinin (HP). The cells were separated into three fractions by affinity chromatography on HP conjugated to Sepharose (P, non‐retained cells; EI, cells eluted with 0.1 mg/mlN‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine (D‐GalNac); EII, cells eluted with 1 mg D‐GalNac/ml). The majority of B cells in fraction EII were HP+and were rich in cells expressing the B2 differentiation antigen. Sixty per cent of the B cells in this fraction also expressed the major HP‐binding glycoprotein, gp 150. In the presence of autologous T cells, these B cells were strongly responsive to activation by either pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or antigen (TT), as reflected by differentiation into plasma cells, secretion of polyelonal IgG and IgM, or IgG anti‐TT antibodies. In contrast, fraction P, which contained more than 90% HP‐ B cells, and which was partially depleted of B2+cells, responded poorly or not at all to both PWM and TT. Fraction El was a mixed fraction that responded in an intermediate fashion. When the preparations were depleted of contaminating non‐B cells carrying the monocyte or large granular lymphocyte associated M1 antigen, their response to the two stimulating agents did not alter. The results suggest that HP+B cells differ from HP−B cells in their responsiveness to T‐cell signals. Fractionation on unsolubilized HP offers a simple and efficient way of separating B cells into at least two subsets differing in their responsiveness to T‐cell‐derived

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this report we have investigated the association of fibronectin with antigen‐antibody‐C1q complexes incubated in fibronectin‐depleted and C1q‐depleted plasma. When BSA‐anti‐BSA immune aggregates arc incubated in plasma depleted of both fibronectin and C1qto which‘125I fibronectin has been reconstituted, little radioactivity is bound to the immune complexes. However, pre‐incubation of immune complexes with purified C1q prior to incubation in the plasma causes an approximately l0‐fold increase in the amount of radioactivity bound. The binding of125I‐M‐fibronectin to preformed antigen‐antibody‐C1qcomplexes is specific, since the reaction is inhibited by the addition of unlabelled fibronectin but not by ovalbumin When antigen‐antibody ‐C1qcomplexes are incubated in CIq‐depleted plasma containing physiogical concentrations of fibronectin. and analysed by immunoblotting. fibronectin antigens are detected on the immune Complexes. Identical results are obtained using imune complexes composed of sheep erythrocyte rabbit anti‐sheep erythrocyte C1q(EAC1q) cells, There is no specific requirement for preformed antigen‐antibody‐C1qcomplexes. since fibronectin can be detected on antigen ‐antibody complexes after incubation in normal human serum or in C1q‐depleted ethylenediamineteraacetic acid (EDIA) serum reconstituted with purified C1q prior to incubation with the complexes, Finally, we also demonstrate that in the presence of C1q,125I‐fibronectin will associ

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dialysable leukocyte extracts (DLE) may induce marked changes in the immune expression of human recipients. It is unclear whether the conversion of skin reactivity by DLE is due to a donor‐related specific transfer factor or to an antigen nonspecific augmenting factor which enhances a preexisting low‐level response in DLE recipients. In this study, DLE from immunized and unimmunized human and calf donors or saline was administered to 88 medical students. The recipient population demonstrated minimal background responses to the test antigens keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and horseshoe crab haemocyanin (HCH). The results indicate that the DLE preparations from both immunized and unimmunized donors significantly stimulated skin reactivity but not in vitro responses to both KLH and HCH in the recipient population. The results suggest that these DLE preparations contain an immunologically nonspecific augmentor, which stimulates a preexisting low‐level response in the unimmunized population to become a clearly observable skin rea

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) were prepared by immunizing mice with human monoclonal rheumatoid factors from patients with mixed cryoglobulinaemia. Indirect solid phase radioimmunoassay and haemagglutination inhibition were used to screen the MoAb. Reactivity patterns of MoAb were determined using (a) polyclonal and monoclonal IgM proteins, (b) monoclonal IgM proteins from patients with neuropathy, (c) monoclonal and polyclonal IgM antigammaglobulins, and (d) various isolated VkIIIb‐positive immunoglobulins. Several patterns were obtained: MoAb reacting with private idiotypic determinants, with VkIIIb‐related determinants, and with cross‐reactive idiotypes (CRI). Two MoAb of the second type reacted with VkIIIb‐positive immunoglobulins and light chains regardless of their antigen activity. Another MoAb of reacted with VkIIIb light chains only when in association withγ heavy chains. MoAb of the third type defined distinct CRI systems. One of these was restricted to antigammaglobulins and another also involved neuropathy‐associated monoclonal IgM proteins. All MoAb clearly reacted with a minor population of normal polyclonal IgM, except for the MoAb detecting private idiotypic determinants. Studies using inhibition of binding by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed that polyclonal IgM antigamaglobulins may carry a CRI determinant detected by one of the MoAb. This CRI system, defined by the MoAb Glo 86.3, was similar to but not identical with the previously described Wa CRI, which is widely prevalent among IgM antigammaglobulins of rheumato

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have studied five patients with chronic lymphoeytosis consisting of large granular lymphocytes (LGL). The increased numbers of LGL in these patients had little or no natural killer activity, mediated antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and were induced to kill tumour lines after culture for 3 days with interleukin 2 (IL‐2). Patients' LGL showed considerable reactivity with HNK‐1 and AB8.28 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), whereas positivity for OKM1 and N901 was found m only two subjects, and only one patient reacted with B73.1. No appreciable reactivity has been found with anti‐Tac MoAb in the four patients tested. In the absence of stimulation, the patients’ LGL produced no IL‐2 and only minimal amounts of IL‐1 and interferon (IFN). On stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (for IL‐1) or phytohaemag‐glutinin A (PHA) (for IL‐2 and IFN), they produced IL‐1 and IFN in amounts similar to those produced by normal lymphocytes, but only modest levels of IL‐2. These results indicated that proliferating LGL, like normal LGL, have a secretory capacity. The lack of constitutive lymphokine production, the lack of Tac receptor expression, and the defect in IL‐2 production after PHA stimulation do not support the hypothesis of an autocrine proliferation sustained

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An indirect plaque‐forming cell assay detecting B cells secreting IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharides (PPS) is described. The numbers of anti‐PPS‐secreting cells (SC) and Ig‐SC in the blood of normal persons immunized with a polyvalent PPS vaccine were quantitated. Anti‐PPS‐SC were recorded from the fourth to the twelfth post‐vaccination day, and the maximum number was found between days 6 and 9. Quantitatively IgA anti‐PPS‐SC outnumbered the IgM and IgG anti‐PPS‐SC. Concomitant with the increase in the numbers of antibody‐SC an increase in polyclonally activated IgM‐,IgG‐ and IgA‐SC was recorded.The specific anti‐PPS‐antibody‐SC constituted 20–80% of the total numbers of Ig‐SC from th

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Besides the established T‐cell property of producing gamma interferon (IFN‐γ), murine T cells additionally possess the ability to produce IFN‐α and IFN‐β when appropriate inducers such as 10‐carboxymethyl‐9‐acridanone (CMA) or Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are used, Inter‐leukin 2 (IL‐2)‐dependent murine T‐cell lines, but not purified resting splenic T cells, responded to CMA and NDV with production of IFN‐α, β, The IFN production by these T cells was not restricted to a special subset, since T cells expressing the Lyt 1+2−and the Lyt 1−2+phenotype responded to these inducers with IFN production, After prolonged passaging of the T‐cell lines in IL‐2‐containing medium, the ability to respond to CMA with production of antiviral activity was sustained longer than the ability for concanavalin A‐induced WH‐y production. Whereas the NDV‐induced T‐cell supernates contained both IFN‐α and IFN‐β, the induction with CMA resulted exclu

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fully H‐2‐incompatible chimeric mice were constructed by grafting lethally (950 rad) irradiated germ‐free (GF) CBA (H2k) mice with anti‐Thy 1 antibody plus complement‐treated allogeneic C57B1/6 (B6) (H2b) bone marrow cells. These chimeric mice were kept for more than 11 months, either under GF conditions or under barrier‐sustained specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) conditions. Controls included nonirradiated, nontransplanted, sex‐ and age‐matched CBA and B6 mice raised under SPF conditions, and syngeneic chimeric mice of the CBA × CBA type kept under GF and SPF conditions. All chimeric mice were completely repopulated with donor‐type lymphoid cells and showed no clinical or histological evidence of graft‐versus‐host disease. From the fully allogeneic chimeric mice, we enumerated the numbers of splenic cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL‐p) that could be clonally expanded under limiting dilution conditions in response to third‐party alloantigens, or nonmodified and trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐modified stimulator cells bearing host or donor H‐2 antigens. The existence of high numbers of alloreactive and host‐ or donor‐type H‐2‐restricted TNP‐specific CTL‐p in the spleens of fully allogeneic chimeras indicated almost normal immunocompetence. The surprising finding, however, was that large numbers of host (CBA)‐reactive splenic CTL‐p were inducible under limiting dilution conditions in healthy long‐lived allogeneic chimeras, although these chimeric mice were devoid of any histolo

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Natural killer (NK) cells are'spontaneously’ cytotoxic cells thought to be involved in surveillance against tumour cells, rejection of virally infected cells, and refulation of haematopoietie stem cell differentiation and antibody systhesis. Fetus‐derived alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) has been shown to regulate certain T cell‐mediated immune reactionsin vitro and in vivo. The lack of NK activity in newborn mice with high endogenous levels of AFP, together with the presence of cells expressing NK surface markers, also suggests that AFP may regulate NK activity. In this study we compared the effects of AFP on spontaneous versus activated murine NK activity. The lytic abnility of both freshly prepared splenic NK cells and those arising after incubation for 24 h with interferon, Poly I: C, or T‐cell growth factor (TCGF) was not affected by AFP if the latter was present only during the killing phase. However, if AFP was added at the beginning and retained for the duration of the 24‐h in vitro lymphokine stimulation, the subsequent NK activity induced by interferon. Poly I:C, and TCGF was found to be significantly suppressed. This inhibition is both dose‐and time‐dependent. Delayed addition experiments showed that when AFP is present during the first 6 h of in vitro stimulation it will suppress interferon and TCGF‐boosted NK activity by 50–80%. The AFP‐mediated inhibitory effect on lymphokinestimulated NK activity is not the result of increased death of effector cells not, in the case of interferon and polyribonucleotides, of non‐specific binding of AFP to the enhancing agents. In vivo injections of Poly I:C of TCGF failed to invrease neonatal NK function., while administration of interferon did cause slightly higher levels of NK activity. However, spleen cells from newborn animals cultured for 24 h in the presence of lymphokines resulted in markedly elevated NK function and this in vitro activation in newborns with high endogenous levels of AFP was very similar to that of adult NK stimulation in vitro when

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01960.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

in the present study the fine structures of Leu‐7‐Leu‐15+and Leu‐7+‐Leu‐15 cell subpopulations were characterized by using an immunogold‐immunoperoxidase double labelling in electron microscopy. The densities of Leu‐15 antigenic sites on both E rosetting (Er) and non‐adherent/non‐E rosetting (non‐A/non‐Er) Leu‐15 positive cell surfaces were also evaluated by using an immunogold analysis in electron microscopy. A majority of Leu‐7+cells co‐expressed I he Leu‐15 antigen and showed an ultrastructural pattern specific for mature natural killer (NK) cells, i.e. abundant cytoplasm with many organelles. numerous electron dense granules and irregular outline. On the other hand, a minority of Leu‐7‐ ceils did not express the Leu‐15 antigen and showed a clearly different ultrastructural feature in comparison to Leu‐7+‐Leu‐15+cells T hus, the presence of the Leu‐15 antigen on Leu‐7+cell surface corresponds to ultrastructural features specific to differentiated NK cells and may represent an expression of Leu‐7+cell differentiation. An alternative hypothesis may he that Leu‐7+‐Leu‐15‐ and l.eu‐7‐Leu 15 cells represent distinct cell lineages within non‐A/non‐Er Leu‐7+cells. Finally, the results of the present study provide proof that Leu‐7+antigen is more frequent

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01961.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY