摘要:

The lymphocyte transformation test was used to evaluate the cellular immune response in 31 adult patients with MCNS in comparison with 30 normal control and 49 patient (CRF, FSGN. MGN) control groups. The results showed that the stimulation indices of the lymphocytes in MCNS group were significantly lower than those of the normal control and patient control groups with the exception of CRF group.In cross studies, lymphocytes obtained from normal individuals were incubated in homologous serum obtaitied from MCNS patients in relapse, and lymphocytes from MCNS patients in relapse were incubated in normal homologous AB serum. In both circumstances there was a depressed lymphocyte function which indicates that there is a defect in lymphocyte itself as well as a serum inhibitory factor(s) during the active stage of the MCNS. This depressed cellular immune response returned to normal level during remission of the patients with MCNS.

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The influenza virus haemagglutinin has an important role in the infectious cycle of the virus and carries multiple B and T cell epitopes. It is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain but viral infectivity depends on its post‐translational enzymatic cleavage. The cleavage site of a trypsin‐like enzyme responsible for this modification is found in the most conserved intersubunit region of the molecule. In this study the role of this region in antibody recognition was investigated. Synthetic peptides comprising the intact and cleaved forms of the intersubunit segment were used to examine the specificity of virus‐ or peptide‐ induced antibodies. The immune response elicited by viral infection resulted in the appearance of antibodies capable of neutralizing the virus without interfering with its binding to the receptor. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) of such functional properties was shown to recognize the intact intersubunit region both in the uncleaved haemagglutinin molecule and in a 25‐mer synthetic peptide comprising the intact intersubunit region. Specificity and functional studies revealed the conformation dependent recognition of the C‐terminal segment of the haemagglutinin 1 subunit by this MoAb. The binding of the antibody was shown to inhibit the trypsin‐mediated cleavage of the haemagglutinin molecule and the membrane fusion event. The enzymatic cleavage of the haemagglutinin was demonstrated to abolish antibody recognition of the infective virus suggesting an escape mechanism mediated by the functional destruction of this highly conserved region. The synthetic peptide corresponding to the intact intersubunit region is characterized by an ordered structure and is able to elicit an antibody response in BALB/c mice while its subfragments are nonimmunogenic. Furthermore, this peptide elicited a protective immune response demonstrated byin vi

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fibroblastoid synovial lining cells isolated from rheumatoid and other chronic inflammatory synovial tissue exhibit distinctive and sustained alterations in serial culture not commonly found in similarly cultured cells from osteoarthritic synovium. These are demonstrable using a multi‐gene dot blot assay by labelling reverse transcribed fibroblast cDNA which is hybridized to plasmids containing relevant target gene inserts. Cultured synovial fibroblastoid cells from patients with chronic inflammatory synovitis expressed significantly higher levels of stromelysin, vimentin and TIMP‐1 mRNA and lower levels of c‐myccompared to cells isolated from osteoarthritis synovium although with considerable variation. Early fetal synovial lining cells were similar to cells from osteoarthritis synovium but vimentin expression was higher. Marked differences in patterns of gene expression between cell lines persisted through 10 serial passages over 6–8 months. In whole synovia, the average level of mRNA for stromelysin, vimentin, IL‐4, IL‐6, TIMP‐1, cathepsin D, gelatinase, TGFα, c‐fmsand DRβ were preferentially expressed in inflammatory tissue while c‐mycexpression was higher in osteoarthritis synovium. Inflammatory synovium also expressed TNFα, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, c‐sis, tissue plasminogen activator, CSF‐1, and GM‐CSF. This pattern resembles, in part, that found in cultured inflammatory fibroblasts but, in addition., gene products apparently reflecting the presence of activated monocytes and lymphocytes were detected. These results provide evidence that profiles of certain gene activation in cells from patients with inflammatory synovitis differ from those with non‐inflammatory disease and suggest that the fibroblastoid cells are responsible for a considerable proportion of the altered phenotypic expression pattern in whole tissue. Furthermore, this modulated pattern of gene activation appears to be an intrinsic pro‐inflammatory characteristic of the fibroblastoid cells initiated in response to chronic inflammation and persists for a prolonged period in t

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03465.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine B cell participation in experimental herpes simplex virus (HSV) retinitis. Passive immunization with anti‐herpes antibody protects BALB/c mice from herpes simplex retinitis (HSR). Using anti‐Mu antibody treatment, we modified the B cell population of C. B‐17 mice, normally resistant to HSR, in order to test the hypothesis that such treatment would render them susceptible to HSR by impairing their early antibody response to anterior chamber (AC) inoculation with HSV. We analysed the effect of anti‐Mu treatment on their susceptibility to HSR and then employed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and ELISA techniques to study the patterns of immunoglobulin gene and protein expression, and the T‐cell receptor α/β (TCR α/β) gene expression after AC inoculation of HSV. Immunohistopathologic analysis revealed that 100% of the B cell deficient mice (B−) developed contralateral retinitis following AC inoculation, confirming the hypothesis that anti‐Mu antibody treatment would convert HSR‐resistant mice into HSR‐susceptible ones. Transfer of B cells from naive congenic donor mice resulted in 67% of recipient B−mice developing contralateral retinitis. Transfer of anti‐HSV antibody conferred nearly complete protection, with only 11% of mice developing retinitis (P<0.005). PCR and ELISA analysis showed that both untreated and B−C. B‐17 mice showed similar dynamic patterns of mRNA IgG isotype expression and of anti‐HSV IgG isotypic antibody response following AC inoculation. Thus, we were forced to reject the hypothesis that an impaired early antibody response is primarily responsible for the increased HSR susceptibility seen in B−mice. In contrast, PCR analysis of TCR α/β mRNA expression revealed dramatic differences between susceptible and resistant mice, suggesting that TCR Vβ selection and usage may be a critical factor influencing HSR‐sensitivity in this murine model, and that B cells (and immunoglobulin isotype) may play a role in TCR Vβ selection an

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03466.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of sera from mice bearing a T cell lymphoid leukaemia (LB) and the supernatants from short term cultures of the tumour cells were studied on cell proliferation using syngeneic and allogeneic normal and tumour cells. An inhibitory activity was demonstrated in 24–48 h supernatants of LB cells in culture and disappeared after 4 days of culture. Inhibitory activity was cytostatic but not cytotoxic and was non‐specific since it inhibited the growth of both syngeneic and allogeneic normal and tumour cells. Such activity was found in the 105–1.3 × 105Mr serum fraction after a Sephacryl S200 chromatography. Though sensitive to protease, trypsine or neuraminidase treatment, which indicated its glycoprotein nature, it remained stable after heating or freezing‐thawing cycles as well as after alkaline, acid or hyaluronidase treatment. Addition of exogenous IL‐2 abrogated inhibitory activity. ELISA showed the presence of soluble IL‐2R both in LB conditioned medium and in above serum fraction.It is demonstrated that the inhibitory factor, soluble IL‐2R, is produced by LB leukaemia cells, then secreted into blood and ascitic fluid or released into culture supernatants. Soluble IL‐2R exerts inhibitory activity blocking cell proliferation and modulating immune response by bind

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03467.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In systemic vasculitis reliable detection of myeloperoxidase antibodies (MPO‐Abs) is of great clinical importance in the diagnosis and follow‐up of patients. We have studied whether circulating myeloperoxidase (MPO) could have an effect on MPO‐Ab findings. Serum MPO and MPO‐Abs were measured in 50 healthy individuals, 35 patients and in the follow‐up samples from two patients with Wegener's granulomatosis.Heating the sera at 56°C for 30min reduced the concentration of immunoreactive MPO both in control and patient sera. In 71% of the patient sera heating made initially negative MPO‐Abs detectable. In a few cases with severe vasculitis the antibody findings remained totally negative. These results, together with the data from the follow‐up samples from two patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, revealed that the serological diagnosis of vasculitis may be considerably delayed if only native samples are analysed for MPO‐Abs. These findings are of considerable clinical significance for the interpretation of MPO‐Ab results.Circulating myeloperoxidase affects MPO‐Ab measurements, causing false negative findings in MPO‐Ab assays. Therefore, it is recommended to denaturate circulating MPO by heating the sera before the analysis of MPO‐Abs and to re‐e

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03468.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the present study, we have investigated the importance of a phenylalanine (phe195) in the Tcr‐Cα region on Tcr‐α, β/CD3 membrane expression. An exchange of phe195with a tyrosine residue does not affect Tcr/CD3 membrane expression; however, exchange with aspartic acid, histidine or valine prohibit completely Tcr/CD3 membrane expression. This seems to be due to a lack of interaction between mutated Tcr‐α, β/CD3‐γɛ, δɛ complexes and ζ2homodimers. The Tcr‐Cα region around phe195seems together with the same region in the Tcr‐Cβ region to constitute an interaction site for ζ2homodimers. The presence of phe195on both Tcr‐Cα and Tcr‐Cβ causes high avidity interaction with ζ2homodimers, whereas his195in both Tcr‐Cγ and Tcr‐Cδ results in an apparently lower avidity interaction with ζ2homodimers. It is suggested that the phe195region (on β‐strand F) and eventually adjacent aromatic amino acid residues on β‐strand B region may play an important role in Tcr‐α, β/CD3 membrane expression, in Tcr‐α, β/CD3 competition with Tcr‐γ, δ/CD3 complexes for ζ2homodimers an

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03469.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two‐dimensional electrophoresis was used to study SAA and AA proteins in mink during lipopoly‐saccharide‐induced inflammation and amyloidogenesis. Three isotypes, SAA pI 6.8 and SAA pI 6.5 (both SAA1‐like), and SAA pI 6.0 (SAA1‐ and SAA2‐like), were identifled in serum after both single and multiple LPS injections. Total SAA serum levels were highest in the early phase of induction, followed by a decrease ranging from 1 to 50% of the peak value during the rest of the experiment. The variation in the total SAA levels correlated with the total SAA mRNA levels. Low total SAA levels were seen both in non‐amyloidotic and amyloidotic animals, and a general decrease of all isotypes was demonstrated. In hepatic amyloid fibrils, several AA isotypes, with amino acid sequence homologous exclusively to that of SAA2, were found. In the corresponding splenic material, fragments of histones H2A and H2B constituted most of the low molecular mass proteins, and no protein AA was detected. In spite of low serum levels and a non‐specific isotype removal, the results confirm that SAA2 is amyloi

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03470.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nine monoclonal antibodies were raised against purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin in mice previously treated with Bacilli Calmette Guérin (BCG). The antibodies also reacted with a culture filtrate fromMycobacterium tuberculosisstrain H37Rv. In immunobtotting after SDS‐PAGE the reaction with PPD was seen as a diffuse smear, whereas ammonium sulphate‐precipitated proteins from H37Rv gave well‐defined bands ranging from 10 to 65kDa. Enzyme immunoassay showed that both PPD and H37Rv antigens were able to inhibit binding of the antibodies to PPD coated microtitre wells, suggesting that the antibodies reacted with continuous epitopes. A 12kDa protein purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from H37Rv antigens was tested intradermally inM. tuberculosisMNC3 sensitized guinea pigs and gave a delayed type hypersensitivity re

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03471.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Analysis of the variable region getie sequetices of a human hybridoma rheumatoid factor (RF), derived from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), revealed the expression of genes from the VβI and VH3 families. Specifically, the C304 RF had rearranged the DPL8/Humlv1042 and VH26 germline VLand VHgenes, respectively. This gene usage has been observed in the rearrangement of human anti‐viral antibodies specific for the herpes group of viruses. This overlap between the autoimmune and anti‐viral antibody gene repertoires suggests a possible structural relationship between the immune response directed against ubiquitous pathogens and the induction of RF produc

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03472.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY