摘要:

The role of mononuclear phagocytes in various phases of the acute lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection was studied. The anti‐macrophage agent carrageenan delayed virus clearance. Carrageenan was most effective when given before virus inoculation, suggesting that it interfered with early events in the host response to the virus. Correspondingly, carrageenan enhanced early virus multiplication. Pretreatment with carrageenan apparently did not inhibit induction of the T‐cell response and had little or no direct effect on T‐cell‐dependent anti‐viral activity. The LCMV‐induced natural killer response was also unimpaired by this treatment. Taken together, these findings suggest that resident macrophages constitute a barrier to the initial multiplication of LCMV. A breakdown of this macrophage barrier results in a more disseminated infection, which the specific immune response has difficulty in eliminating. Adoptive transfer experiments with pre‐irradiated recipients showed that T‐cell‐dependent virus clearance required interaction between donor‐derived primary immune spleen cells and radiosensitive host cells. T cells did not seem to constitute the radiosensitive host component, since athymic (nude) mice functioned well as recipients. Together with previously published data, this finding strongly suggests that T‐cell‐dependent virus clearance involves cooperation between T cells and non‐committed

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb01798.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Difrerent concentrations of spleen cells from C57BL.10 mice were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). and DNA synthesis and IgM and IgG secretion were measured. The dilution curve was sigmoid, and the response was rapidly lost below a certain cell concentration. In the presence of thymocytes or spleen cells from the LPS‐non‐responder strain C57BL.10/ScCr the dilution curve for the LPS response of cells from C57BL.10 mice became linear, and the overall response was increased. Irradiated cells could not restore the response at suboptimal cell concentrations. In addition, enriched T cells restored the response as well as normal spleen cells, whereas enriched B cells did not. We compared the restoring capacity of different filler cells for the LPS response with that of a plasmacytoma cell line cultured at suboptimal cell concentrations. The results are compatible with the idea that the filler cells provide growth‐stimulating activity to LPS‐responsive cells but growth‐supporting activity to the tumour cells. Furthermore, highly enriched B‐cell populations respond poorly to LPS, but the response can be partly restored by filler cells. These data suggest that the LPS response is accessory‐c

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb01799.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blast‐enriched suspensions of T cells primed forChlamydia trachomatisantigen were cloned by a limiting dilution technique. A cloning efficiency of 20–25% was obtained. T‐lymphocyte clones (TLC) with high proliferalive responses were selected for further studies. Kinetic studies showed a peak response between 60 and 84 h after antigen stimulation. The TLC were OKT4+. They were specific for the chlamydial antigen and did not respond to other antigen when non‐T cells were used as antigen‐presenting cells (APC). Antigen‐specific proliferation of the TLC required that the responding TLC and the APC shared class‐II HLA determinants—thsit is, HLA‐D/DR molecules. The true clonal nature of the TLC was confirmed by subcl

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb01800.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blast‐enriched suspensions of T cells primed forChlamydia trachomatisantigen were cloned by a limiting dilution technique. The class‐II HLA restriction of T‐lymphocyte clones (TLC) was studied by using allogeneic antigen‐presenting cells (APC) carrying foreign class‐II HLA antigens. Most of the TLC were restricted by one or the other of the D/DR determinants of the T‐cell donor; that is, they did not respond when antigen was presented by APC expressing foreign D/DR determinants. Furthermore, heterogeneity of the DR4‐expressing molecule could be demonstrated by T‐cell clones from one person; APC from family members expressing DR4 gave high proliferative responses, whereas no proliferation was observed with most APC from unrelated persons expressing DR4. This heterogeneity of DR4 was confirmed by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) experiments, indicating a close relationship between restriction epitopes and those that activate allogeneic T cells. Other clones seemed to be restricted by other class‐II HLA determinants, most probably MT determinants of the T‐cell donor. The restriction specificities were confirmed by sub

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb01801.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymphocytes from athymic and normal mice were tested and compared for cytotoxic activity after in vitro cultures suppemented with concanavalin A or T‐cell growth factor (TCGF). Our results indicate that, in addition to cytoloxic T cells, natural killer (NK) activity can be recovered from lymphocytes cultured in the presence of TCGF and that this is not the result of contaminating interferon in the TCGF preparations. The NK nature of the effector cells was established by means of a panel of target cells, including a teratocarcinoma tumour cell, which enabled the distinction of T‐cell‐ and NK‐cell‐media

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb01802.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An extension of the Clq‐binding assay for the detection of immune‐aggregate‐mediated and non‐immune‐aggregate‐mediated Clq binding is reported. The assay involves the use of two different Clq preparations, one radioiodinated by means of lactoperoxidase (LPO‐125I‐Clq) and the other by means of chloramine‐T (CT‐125I‐Clq). The treatment with CT for 20 min at room temperature before iodination for 1 min led to abolishment of the Clq‐binding capacities to complexed IgG: approximately 50% of LPO‐125I‐Clq but only 2% of CT‐125I‐Clq bound to 80 μg/ml of IgG forming part of tetanus toxoid/anti‐tetanus toxoid complexes or to 200 μg/ml of heat‐aggregated human gamma globulin. Similar results were obtained with staphylococcal protein‐A‐aggregated IgG. CT‐treated Clq was haemolytically inactive. In contrast to the results with complexed IgG, CT treatment did not markedly reduce binding capacities of Clq to heparin: approximately 55% of LPO‐ and CT‐125I‐Clq were bound by 127 U/ml of commercial heparin in normal human serum. Both Clq preparations bound to a comparable extent to fibronectin, fibrinogen, and various bacterial endotoxins. When the LPO‐ and CT‐125I‐Clq‐binding patterns obtained on serum samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia were compared with binding patterns observed using laboratory reactants, an immediate detection of

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb01803.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two different radioimmunoassays (RIA) and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were developed for the quantitation and antigenic characterization of amyloid A (AA) and serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins, and the three assays were evaluated and compared with each other. Sensitivity, reproducibility, effect of denaturation and storage of serum and range of determination were considered. All three assays were found useful, but for different purposes. The most suitable method for the determination of SAA in whole serum was a second antibody precipitation RIA with purified SAA as labelled tracer and standard, and polyclonal rabbit anti‐SAA as first antibody. This assay provided SAA concentrations in absolute amounts (mg/l) and acceptable reproducibility without need for prior denaturation of serum. Both advantages and disadvantages of ELISA using monoclonal antibodies to SAA and a solid‐phase RIA using AA, SAA, anti‐AA and anti‐SAA were observed. The three assays were found suitable for antigenic studies of A

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb01804.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Inflammatory infiltrates in sciatic nerves during the acute phase of experimental allergic neuritis in the Lewis rat have been characterized with regard to occurrence and distribution of Ia‐expressing cells and T‐lymphocyte subsets by the help of an immunohistochemical double‐staining technique, enabling the simultaneous visualization of T lymphocytes and Ia‐expressing non‐T cells. Large numbers of Ia‐expressing irregular macrophage‐like/dendritic cells were seen both within inflammatory infiltrates and within afflicted nervous tissue. Many W3/13‐reactive T lymphocytes of both ‘helper’ and ‘suppressor/cytoxic’ phenotypes appeared in close contact with these Ia‐expressing non‐T cells, particularly within the infiltrates. B lymphocytes and plasma cells were relatively few and mainly found c

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb01805.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human peripheral blood large granular lymphocytes (LGL)—that is, cells with intracytoplasmic azurophilic (electron‐dense) granules, with a positiviiy for the cytochemical localization of certain acid hydrolascs, and with avid surface receptors for the Fc portion of IgG—have been purified on Percoll density gradients. Approximately 30% of these cells expressed receptors for the third complement component (C3R). They were separated into C3R‐positive and C3R‐negative cells. C3R−cells had a significantly greater natural killer (NK) activity against K562 target cells than C3R+cells. This difference was unrelated to the presence in the C3R+ cells of a contaminant cell type incapable of NK activity, since cytochcmical and ultrastructural analysis revealed that C3R+and CR−fractions contained comparable LGL numbers. Agarose cytotoxicity assays at the single‐cell level demonstrated that C3R+LGL contained a large number of cells that bound to but did not lyse the target. The remaining fully cytotoxic C3R+LGL had, however, the same killing and recycling properties as the cells from the OR fraction. Electron microscopy and cytochcmical studies showed that C3R+cells had fewer electron‐dense granules than C3R cells and stained more faintly for the localization of α‐naphtyl acetate eslerase. In contrast to C3R cells. C3R+LGL displayed morphological features suggesting that an active process of granule formation was taking place. Taken together, the data indicate that C3R+cells represent a discrete subset or a matur

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb01806.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have studied the immunoregulatory function of T8+(suppressor/cytotoxic) and Leu3a+(inducer/helper) T cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients by measuring the effect of these T‐cell subpopulations on the generation of immunoglobulin‐secreting cells by normal allogeneic B cells after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in vitro. When T8+or Leu3a+cells from blood or synovial tissue from nine patients were substituted for T8+or Leu3a+cells, respectively, from normal blood mononuclear cells (MNC). RA T8+cells showed an increased suppressor activity, whereas RA Leu3a+cells were, except for one patient, weak augmentors. Unreplaced normal MNC and MNC replaced with allogeneic normal T‐cell subpopulations responded equally to PWM. When T8+plus Leu3a+cells from the same patient replaced normal T cells, high B‐cell responses were detected. Normal T8+plus Leu3a+cells generally supported the response to a lower degree. Substitution with two allogeneic T‐cell subpopulations did not result in a B‐cell response to PWM. Thus, whereas RA T8+seemed to be strong suppressors and RA Leu3a+cells weak augmentors by themselves, together they are possibly able to generate a B‐cell stimulatory potential that might be of pathogenetic significance in

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb01807.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY