摘要:

Equilibrium centrifugation shows that the hemagglutinin has a mol. wt. of 79, 000 ± 4, 000. It contains approximately 18 moles of half cysteine, all as disulfide bonds. Unfolding agents alone (7 M guanidine.HCl) dissociate the hemagglutinin into a subunit of mol. wt. 26, 000–30, 000. Complete reduction (DTT in 7 M guanidine.HCl) gives a single component with a mol. wt. of approximately 13, 000. Partial reduction (DTT, 8 M urea or 7 M guanidine.HCl + protective haptens D‐GalNAc or D‐GNAC) cleaves 3 to 4 SS‐bonds giving a single component with a mol. wt. of 12, 500–16, 700. Tryptic digestion gives rise to 13–14 peptides, three of which contain cysteine. Partially reduced hemagglutinin contains an intact carbohydrate binding site. The data suggest that the hemagglutinin is made up of 6 identical or closely similar polypeptide chains, each containing 1 intrachain disulfide bond and 1 carbohydrate binding site. The subunits are arranged in pairs in which a single disulfide bond links the monomers together. Native hemagglutinin is formed by the interaction of non‐covalent forces be

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cellular immune defect in lepromatous leprosy has been studied. The following observations have been made: 1) Three lepromatous patients who had been on anti‐leprosy treatment for more than 10 years still failed to respond toM. lepraeby lymphocyte transformation (mean 0.2%) while they responded strongly to BCG (mean 34.2%) and PPD (mean 56.1%). 2) Lepromatous serum failed to inhibitM. leprae‐induced lymphocyte transformation andM. leprae‐induced leukocyte migration inhibition. 3) Lepromatous lymphocytes revealed a reduced capacity to attachM. lepraeto their surface. The only experimental condition compatible with the observed characteristics would seem to be a state of immunological tolerance to an antigen (or antigens) ofM. leprae.The lasting nature of this non‐responsive state suggests that it plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of lepromatous

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fourteen cases of transient serum monoclonal immunoglobulins are reported. Seven of the patients were young children. In 8 cases (including 5 children) a primary or secondary immunodeficiency could be ascertained. The level of the peak was under 1 g % in all cases except one, where the monoclonal Ig level was 2.5 g %. In 9 cases the monoclonal Ig disappeared in less than 2 months. The significance of these transient homogeneous components is discussed at both the clinical and aetiological level.

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sera containing rheumatoid factors inhibited the in vitro cytotoxicity of human peripheral lymphocytes for sensitized chicken erythrocytes. In contrast, sera from healthy blood donors did not inhibit the reaction. The inhibitory activity of rheumatoid factor sera was enhanced in the presence of heataggregated human gamma globulin (HGG). Aggregated HGG per se or added to blood donor sera was only slightly inhibitory in this system. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity induced by phytohaemagglutinin was not inhibited by any of these sera, not even in the presence of aggregated HGG. It is concluded that a majority of sera containing rheumatoid factors also contain factors inhibitory to the in vitro cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes for sensitized target cells. The strong inhibitory activity of mixtures of rheumatoid factor sera and aggregated HGG in the sensitized target cell system may be due to complex formation between anti‐immunoglobulin factors and gamma globulin. Such complexes might inhibit the reaction by binding to the surface of lymphocytes cytotoxic for target cells carrying antigen‐antibody comple

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rat antisera directed against recognition structures (RS) were induced by two methods: a) (Lewis × DA)F1animals inoculated with Lewis or DA lymphoid cells yielded ‘anticellular’ sera of specificity anti‐Lewis RS(DA) and anti‐DA RS(Lewis), respectively, b) (Lewis × DA)F1animals inoculated with Lewis anti‐DA or DA anti‐Lewis alloantiserum yielded “anti‐alloantisera” of specificity anti‐(Lewis anti‐DA) and anti‐(DA anti‐Lewis), respectively. IgG preparations from these four sera were iodinated with125I for use in experiments in vivo. Rats in the process of rejecting 2 different skin allografts were injected intravenously with the above radioactive reagents. The radioactivities of the regional nodes draining the 2 grafts were determined 24 h later. It was found that radioactivity accumulated preferentially in those nodes presumed to be enriched in the corresponding RS. Thus, radioactive anti‐DA RS(Lewis) accumulated in nodes draining Lewis allografts, and radioactive anti‐Lewis RS(DA) accumulated in nodes draining DA allografts. Anti‐cellular sera and anti‐alloantisera behaved similarly. These experiments were interpreted as an in vivo d

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A radial diffusion agar plaque technique is presented for estimation of the average avidity of bactericidal antibodies, based upon quantitative inhibition of the antibodies with free lipopolysaccharide. With this technique and withVibrio choleraeas model organisms the avidities of vibriocidal rabbit antisera were determined. It appeared that primary response antisera had lower avidity than secondary response antisera, which showed an inverse relation between avidity and booster antigen dose. However, the avidity differences observed in these systems were only 10‐ to 20‐fold, i. e. considerably less than reported for hapten‐protein conjugate antigen. Avidity estimations by the Fair ammonium‐sulphate precipitation method were in agreement with the results obtained with the described technique. The separated IgG and IgM fractions showed the described relation to immunization schedule; however, the IgM avidity appeared lower than the IgG

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymphocytes from nineteen patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and two with lymphosarcoma with transformation to leukemia had membrane‐bound Ig, showing restriction for Ig class, IgG subclass, Gm allotype, and light chain class. IgM was found on cells from all patients except one, who had IgG. These data, together with results from lymphocyte stimulation in vitro with mitogens, and studies of rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes, suggested that tumor cells were products of monoclonal proliferation of B cells. Lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia stained with concanavalin A and with antilymphocyte antiserum as strongly as normal lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from patiems with lymphosarcoma of the bone marrow or aleukemic chronic lymphocytic leukemia usually had a normal percentage of B lymphocytes in blood, but a tendency to restriction to one Ig class on B lymphocytes was seen, Blast cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia did not have membrane‐bound Ig. Lymphocytes from patients with lymphosarcoma of the bone marrow or aleukemic chronic lymphocytic leukemia and from those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, reacted normally on stimulation in vitro with T lymphocyte mitog

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Normal mouse spleen cells cannot make primary antibodies in vitro to the thymus‐dependent SRBC antigens if cultivated under conditions where normal homologous serum is the sole serum source, but they can do so to the thymus‐independent lipopolysaccharide antigen of E. coli O55:B5 bacteria. Normal mouse spleen cells can make primary antibodies to SRBC if cultivated in normal homologous serum provided that a non‐specific T‐cell stimulus such as an MLR or exposure to PHA is initiated from the start of the culture period. The same T‐cell stimuli will prove inhibitory to the immune responsiveness of spleen cells cultivated in foetal calf serum. Spleen cells cultivated in homologous serum obtained from thymectomized lethally irradiated foetal liver reconstituted donors will respond with a normal proliferative response to SRBC. It is suggested that normal serum contains material which decreases proliferation of homologous lymphoid cells and that material in foetal heter‐ologous sera stimulates mouse T‐cells to proliferate and secrete soluble factors which enable B‐cells to differentiate into high rate antibody‐formi

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Immune response of normal mice as well as of thymus‐deprived (TxB) mice against 2 different hapten‐protein conjugates (NNP‐BSA and NNP‐CG) was tested at various times after immunization at the cellular level. Normal mice developed both direct and indirect plaque‐forming cells against the hapten, as determined by a modified local haemolysis in gel assay for detection of anti‐hapten antibody‐secreting cells. However, TxB mice produced direct plaque‐forming cells to the same extent as normal mice, whereas the indirect plaque‐forming cell response was greatly impaired. In fact, significantly elevated levels of indirect plaque‐forming cells were not detected in such mice. Studies on the affinity of secreted antibodies by means of hapten inhibition revealed that the indirect plaque‐forming cells derived from normal immunized mice could be inhibited by decreasing concentrations of free hapten with time after immunization, indicating a gradual increase in the number of cells secreting antibodies of high affinity. No such change was detected in normal or TxB mice with regard to antibodies giving rise to direct lysis, pres

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four lines of evidence indicated that thymus‐derived (T) cells play an essential role in the expression of cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) toListeria. a) T cell depleted (ATx‐BM) CBA mice were unable to generate antibacterial immunity. b) Responsiveness was restored to ATx‐BM CBA mice by injection of CBA X C57BL F1thymocytes and essential CMI effector cells were derived from the F1thymocytes (identified by anti‐H‐2 sera). c) The activity of immune cells from intact CBA mice was abolished by anti‐theta treatment but d) enriched by treatment with anti‐B cell, anti‐macrophage serum. Evidence from adult thymectomized mice and that described in b) above, indicated that T cells which had left the thymus more than 6 weeks or less than 3 weeks prior to immunization could act as progenitors of effector T cells, and that no cooperaiion between these 2 cell classes was necessary for an

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1972.tb03304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY