摘要:

Intracerehral (i.e.) intection of adult mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus can result in acute lethal central nervous system (CNS) disease which is the result of the host's thymus‐derived lymphocyte (T cell) response against the virus. Whether the specific effector function of the T cell is that of a cytotoxic cell (Tc) or a delayed‐type hypersensitivity cell (Ta) is still under debate. We assumed that if Tdcells were important in pathogenesis then accessory cells in the brain (specificaily, glass‐adhcrent macrophages) might vary with the outcome of i.e. infection. We found that accumulation of macrophages in the brain (washed for meaninges and skull cap) appeared to be independent of the severity of the infection (controlled by the mouse strain as well as the strain and dose of virus used). However, differentiation of macrophages was clearly linked to whether or not the infection caused rapid death. In mice that were destined to survive, mycrophages became large, extensively vacuolated, and phagocytically active. In lethally‐infected mice macrophages were small and had poor phagocytic abilities, At present this dichntomy could be viewed as either a cause or a consequence of disease outcome. However. the data are not inconsistent with the hypothesis that Tdlymphocytes may be of primary importance in patho

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐six consecutive paediatric patients (0‐16 years old) with recently contracted juvenile diabetes (IDDM) during 1982‐84 were included in the study. Sera were assayed for recent or current Coxsackie B virus (CBV) infection using a specific and sensitive IgM RIA. Eighteen patients (50%) had IgM against CBV 1‐5. The patients were also assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns with DNA probes coding for HLA‐DR and DQ beta chains. The CBV‐positive patients (n=18) had either RFLP patterns associated with HLA‐DR 3 or 4 or HLA‐DQ patterns III or IV beta. Two of the CBV negative patients had neither HLA‐DR 3 nor DR 4 and four of them had neither DQ patterns III nor IV. Eleven out of 18 CBV‐positive patients had HLA‐DQ III and DR 3 (61%) versus 5 out of 18 (28%) of the CBV‐negative patients. All 11 patients with serology positive for CBV 2,3, and 5 had HLA‐DR 4 and DQ IV patterns. This was significantly (P<0.01) different from all five CBV 4‐positive patients, who in contrast all had HLA‐DR 3 or HLA‐DQ III patterns. CBV 1‐positive patients (n=2) all had HLA‐DR 3, 4, and HLA‐DQ III, IV patterns. Thus CBV 4 seems to be significantly associated with a different host genetic constitution from at any ra

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Jacalin. a D‐galaetose‐specific lectin from jackfruit, interacts with human IgA and one or two other serum proteins. Incubation ol jaealin with fresh human serum was shown to result in activation of the complement system. Therefore the mechanism of complement activation by jacalin was studied. Jacalin was extracted from jackfruit seeds (crude preparation) and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatogtaphy on lgA‐Sepharose to yield a pure preparation of jacatin. Both crude and pure Jacalin were able to activate complement, accompanied by conversion of C3. Consumption of C1, C4 and C1 ‐inacuvator(Cl ‐In) indicated involvement of the classical pathway. Aggregated IgG (AlgGl caused partial (38%) and jacalin induced complete consumption of Cl ‐ln functional activity, It was found upon Ouchterlony analysis that jacalin forms a precipitalien line with purified Cl ‐In. In addition binding of125I‐C1 ‐In to jacalin‐Scpharose was observed, and this binding was inhibitable by either secretory IgA or D‐galactose. Next to binding of jacalin to Cl ‐In. jacalin was also shown to inhibit the functional activity of Cl ‐In. These results indicate that jacalin induces complement activation by inhibition of Cl ‐In function and thereby facilitates the activation of precursor Cl in either the absence or presence of l

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have tried to determine the most favourable conditions for the in vitro induction of specific antibody (Ab) responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). Human peripheral blood mononuclear eells (PBMNC) were obtained from normal volunteers and stimulated with PWM, TT, KLH. and mixtures of PWM and antigens in the presence or absence of autologous red blood cells (RBC) (I:50 ratio of PBMNC/RBC). The cultures were harvested on day 11: immunogiobulins were determined immunonephelometrically and Ab levels by ELISA with human antibodies used for calibration. While anti‐TT responses were easy to induce with PBMNC from recently boosted individuals, the production of anti‐IT from PBMNC obtained from non‐recently boosted individuals was only possible when PBMNC were stimulated with TT and PWM in ihe presence of autologous RBC Similarly, anti‐KLH responses were easier lo induce with PBMNC frt)m an immune donor; maximal response was observed after slimuiation wiih PWM + KLH in the presence of autologous RBC. Stimulation of primary anti‐KLH responses with PBMNC from non‐immune donors was only successful when the cells were stimulated with KLH + PWM in the presence of autologous RBC. The potentiation of human B‐cell responses with autologous RBC can be abrogated by pretreatment of PBMNC with anti‐CD2 antibodies and is associated with increased expression of IL‐2 receptors and increased production of gamma interferon (IFN‐γ). However, addition of IFN‐γ in different doses and at different times to PWM‐slimulaled PBMNC cultures was not as effective as addition of RBC in enhancing the production of im

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied the early events in athymic immunoincompetent rats after implantation with cultured thymic fragments (CIF) under the kidney capsule, with special emphasis on the settlement of lymphocytes and non‐lymphnid RTl class II elements. At 2 weeks after grafting, tissue under the kidney capsule comprises strands of keratin‐positive epithelial cells from the graft, without immigrant cells. At 3 weeks, the CTF graft is populated with lymphoeytes and with non‐lymphoid RTl class II‐positive cells expressing the recipient haplotype (allogeneic combinations). Part of these cells bear determinants recognized by an anti‐rat dendritic cell antibody. At 4 weeks the graft exhibits a completely restored thymic architecture. Al the periphery, the first indications of T‐cell competence generated after CTF implantation are observed 6 weeks after implantation. At 18 weeks. the peripheral thymus‐dependent immune system is almost completely developed. This includes in vitro alloreactivity, even to the donor RTl haplotype of the graft. But skin grafts of the allogeneic CTF donor haplotype are not rejected. Thus, a state of in vivo tolerance is induced under the influence of grafted epithelium, which is not due to a specific deletion of alloreactive cells. We conclude that CTF regain their original thymic architecture between 2 and 4 weeks after implantation in (allogeneic) athymic nude recipients, and that only after this restoration does peripheral thymus‐dependent immune competence s

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have examined the postulated dependence on T cells of follicular retention ot antigen bystudying antigen retention in the draining lymph nodes of congenitally athymic. nude rats afterlocal injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The lymphoid tissues of these rats containedgerminal centres and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) that were ulrastructurally identical tothose seen in euthymic rats and expressed the differention antigen MRCOX2. Nude rat FDCcaptured and retained locally injected antigen on their surfaces. but as with euthymic rats, onlyin the presence of previously injecled anti‐HRP antibody. This demonstrates that the FDCmature both morphologically and functionally in the absence of a thymus or T cells. However, in contrast to euthymic rats, there was no detectable antigen retention in nude rats that hadbeen actively immunized by repeated intraperitoneal injections with HRP for 3 months. Thelower number of germinal centres observed in athymic animals compared with their euthymiclittermales could thus be explained by deficient production of specific antibody of the isotypenecessary for follicular localization of environmental antigen

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Radiolabelled sonicate ofMycobacterium lepraewhen examined by SDS‐PAGE and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) contained fewer antigens than the comparable sonicate fromM. Bovis(bacillus Calmette‐Guerin) (BCG). A solid‐phase immimopurification assay with anti‐M.lrpraemonoclonal antibodies (MoAb) was used to characterize four of these antigens. Three of the MoAb wereM. leprae‐specific and with them antigens with apparent molecular weights (M1) of 12,000 (I2K), 18K. and 35K were isolated. On 2‐DE, the heavily labelled I2K antigen was heterogeneous with a range in pI of 4.8‐5.2. The 35K antigen, which was identified by a conformational determinant, and the 18K antigen were also acidic proteins with pI of 5.4 and 5.1. The fourth antigen was purified from bothM. lepraeand BCG sonicates and had an M, of 70K and a pI of 5.1. MoAb reacting with the cell wall protein ofM. lepraeresulted in separation of multiple bands ranging in M1from 12K to 65K, rather than the dominant 65K protein seen in immunoblots. A similar pattern was obtained with MoAb that reacted with two cell wall polysaccharide antigens, and these antibodies may have co‐prceipitated the radiolabelled cell wall proteins. Immunoprecipitatcs of theM. lepraesonicate with human lepromatous leprosy sera, when analysed by 2‐DE, were also found to contain the dominant 12K band and the 35K band. Furthermore, half the radiolabelled BCG antigens were precipit

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains of subtype A (A2, WV99894, and WV12138) and of subtype B(WV1293. WV4843. and WV6873) are mitogenic in vitro for unprimed BALB/c spleen cells. The virus also triggered splcnocytes in vitro to secrete immunoglobulins. Plaquepurified and UV‐irradiated materials of both RSV subtypes produced comparable levels of DNA synthesis. Infectious materials of both subtypes also induced pronounced responses. Lymphocyte activation with UV‐inactivated RSV strain A2was dose‐dependent and maximal responses occurred after 4‐5 days of incubation. The virus preparations were mitogenic for spleen cells depleted of T lymphocytes by treatment with anti‐Thy 1.2 and complement and for lymphocytes of congenilally athymic mice (nu‐nu). They were also mitogenic for highly purified T lymphocytes separated by panning of spleen cells on anti‐mouse Ig‐coalcd Petri dishes, suggesting that both B and T lymphocytes respond to the mitogenic activity of RSV. Moreover, mice infected intranasally with RSV strain A; generated local as well as peripheral cellular and hu

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The current study demonstrates that whereas high concentrations of recombinant tumour necrosis factor (rTNF. 0.05/(g/ml) induced enhanced growth of normal human fibroblasts, supernatants from human monoeytes with u similar TNF concentration induced cytostasis. This cytoslasis was inhibited by an antiserum against rTNF. The TNF activity, measured as cytotoxicity against TNF‐sensitive WEHI 164 cells, cochromatographed with the fibroblast growth inhibitory activity upon ion‐exchange chromatography of monocyte supernatants. This indicates that TNF contributes to the fibroblast growth inhibition mediated by monocyte supernatants. Alpha inierfcron (IFN‐α) abolished the growth of fibroblasts induced by rTNF, whereas rTNF in combination with gamma interferon (IFN‐α) inhibited growth of fibroblasts. The interferon activity in the supernatants was determined to find out whether the growth inhibitory activity of natural TNF was due to interferons present in the monocyte supernatants. which might modulate the TNF activity. Cytostasis of fibroblasts was mediated by monocyte supernatants which did not contain IFN‐γ in significant amounts. All supernatants contained IFN‐α. An antiserum against lFN‐α partially reduced the cytostasis induced by monocyte supernatants. This cylostasis was totally abolished by r TNF antiserum, suggesting that IFN‐α modulates the growth‐inhibitory activity of TNF in the monocyte supernatants It appeared that the different effects of recombinant and natural TNF on fibroblast growth can probably not be attributed to monocyte‐derived TNF‐modulating factors alone. Thus, recombitiant and natural TNF may differ in a way that affects their capacity to induce cytos

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The IgG Fc receptor function of human monocytes (Mo) exposed to ethanol in vitro was assessed by a rosette assay in which IgG‐coated sheep red blood cells were used as test particles. Pre‐incubation of Mo in autologous serum with ethanol (55 mM and above) for 15 min at 37°C, caused a significantly lower percentage of Mo‐forming rosettes. This reduction by ethanol was not observed when Mo were preincubated with ethanol in fetal calf serum or in serum‐free conditions, but was present when Mo were pre‐incubated with ethanol in serum‐free media to which IgG (10‐150 μg/ml) had been added. Donor‐dependent differences were observed in the reduction of Mo‐forming rosettes in the presence of autologous serum and ethanol. Mo allowed to form rosettes without ethanol were exposed to ethanol during a subsequent phagocytosis process. A dose‐dependent inhibition of the internalization of test particles was found

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY