摘要:

T lymphocytes (CD3+) without expression of CD4/CD8 surface antigens have recently been described in the thymus and peripheral tymphoid organs. We have conducted a retrospective analysis of the literature, seeking quantitative variations in this T‐cell subset in normal heterosexual controls, and in risk, pre‐AIDS, and AIDS groups, by means of the subtraction [CD3‐(CD4+CD8)] and the ratio 100×[CD3‐(CD4+CD8)]/CD3. Dramatic T lymphocytopaenia in AIDS patients and the progressive decay of CD4+lymphocytes and increase of CD8+lymphocytes throughout the clinical spectrum of HIV infection have been confirmed. Furthermore, we hereby demonstrate the selective expansion of CD3+CD4−CD8−lymphocytes, directly related to the clinical state in different clinical groups of infected people when compared with controls (P<0.05). The inverse relationship between the CD3+CD4−CD8−cell subset and other mature T‐cell subsets, mainly CD4+(r=−0.49;P<0.01). suggests the existence of mutual regulatory interactions. These in vivo results, which are in agreement with those obtained in long‐term infected cultures, cannot be explained by direct cytopathic effects of the virus on the very few infected cells. Thus, the implication of the expansion of these functional precursors on the prognosis for infected people, and the paradoxes of the immunodeficiency, such as lymphoproliferation and autoimmune f

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils in killing malaria parasites is well documented, and their involvement in malaria pathology has been suggested. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The present study reports on the role ofP. falciparum‐parasitized erythrocytes, free merozoites, and culture supernatant antigens in the generation of reactive oxygen radicals by human peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils. Blood neutrophils and monocytes obtained from healthy individuals were isolated by density gradient separation. A human isolate ofP. falciparumwas grown in continuous culture. Parasitized erythrocytes and free merozoites were prepared from synchronized cultures. Soluble antigens from culture supernatants were purified by affinity chromatography using CNBr‐Sepharaose 4B columns bound to specific IgG. Oxidative burst response of neutrophils and monocytes were determined by oxygen consumption, superoxide production, and chemiluminescence. It was found thatP. falciparummerozoites and the soluble antigens were capable of activating neutrophils and monocytes in vitro and resulting in the production of oxygen radicals by these cells. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that malaria antigens are able to activate normal human blood phagocytes and result in generation of oxygen radicals by these cells. The released oxygen radicals can then contribute to both the destruction of the parasite and the pathology of mala

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was found to stimulate DNA synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells at relatively low concentrations and to inhibit DNA synthesis at higher concentrations. Both actions were inhibited by oligomers ofN‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine. Significant mitogenic activity was dependent on the use of human (as opposed to fetal calf) serum to supplement the culture medium. Purified T cells responded to WGA very weakly and the incorporation of thymidine into non‐T cells in response to WGA was less than the lectin‐free control. The full ability of T cells to respond to WGA was restored by the addition of monocytes, but not by any other blood cells. Interleukin 2 partially restored the ability of T cells to respond to WGA;interleukin 1 was less effective. WGA displayed a strong synergistic action with the tumour promoter, 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐13‐acetate (TPA), in stimulating DNA synthesis in separated T (but not non‐T) cell fractions, and in unfractioned mononuclear cells. These results reconcile most of the conflicting reports in the literature concerning the interaction of WGA wit

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When CBA×BALB/c mice are immunized with Th 1 hybrid prepared by fusing spleen cells from Dx‐immunized mice with the AKR thymoma BW 5147, which secretes material that affects the anti‐Dx response in CBA mice, antibodies are produced that in the ELISA are shown to bind to the material secreted by Th 1 but not to the material secreted by parent BW 5147. A fraction of the Th 1 secreted material that starts eluting on DEAE chromatography in 20 mM Tris with 0.13 M NaCl is shown to bind lo Dx but not SRC or uncoated ELISA plates. This binding, like that of anti‐Dx Ig. can be inhibited with 1–10 μg/ml concentrations of free Dx. However, the affinity of the product of Th 1 for Dx is apparently lower than that of anti‐Dx Ig, since high concentrations of anti‐Dx interfere with the binding of Th 1 products to Dx. On gel permeation chromatography, a similar Dx binding material elutes in two molecular weight areas, a high area of the molecular weight of IgG and less and a low area of the molecular weight of 43,000 and above, and both are found in samples of Th 1 ascites and hyperimmune CBA anti‐Dx serum, but not (or less so) in normal CBA serum and not in the hyperimmune nude C57BI anti‐Dx serum. The Th 1‐derived material that affected the anti‐Dx response in previously shown experiments had similar elution characteristics. Since we also show that these fractions need not to contain Ig and that anti‐Th 1 minimally cross‐reacts with anti‐Dx IgM or IgG, it is likely that that fraction of Th 1‐secreted material represents a Dx‐binding, non‐Ig, a

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Moncmeric (m‐) and polymeric (p‐) anti‐DNP monoclonal (MC) rat IgA antibodies (Ab) were tested for precipitation with DNP‐bovine serum albumin (DNP‐BSA) and C3 conversion in rat serum, with rat MC anti‐DNP igG2b used as reference. At equivalence, p‐IgA rapidly precipitated DNP‐BSA, with little antigen (Ag) left in the supernatant. In contrast, m‐IgA at five‐fold higher concentration precipitated Ag very slowly, with<50% of Ag precipitated at equivalence. The Ag/Ab weight ratio at equivalence was 0.13 for both m‐ and p‐IgA, but the molar ratio was 0.3 for m‐IgA and close to 1.0 for p‐IgA, suggesting a higher avidity of p‐IgA. Rat C3 conversion by rat IgA immune precipitates (IP) was about 20% with m‐IgA and 40% with p‐IgA. EGTA did not significantly affect these figures. Therefore, rat MC IgA IP activated the rat alternative C pathway. Neither rat nor mouse IgA anti‐DNP IP

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The stage of activation of synovial inflammatory T cells was studied in rheumatoid arthritis and compared with that of normal T cells stimulated in vitro by dendritic cells. Increased numbers of rheumatoid inflammatory T cells expressed activation antigens such as HLA‐DR, interleukin 2 receptors (Tac), and transferrin receptors. These T cells also had high spontaneous proliferation. Peripheral blood T cells stimulated by autologous dendritic cells showed a similar expression of activation antigens and had high proliferation. Resting T cells and T cells cocultured with monocytes expressed much less activation markers. Exogenous interleukin 2 significantly increased the proliferation of the various T cells. All responses were inhibited by an antibody which blocks the interleukin 2 receptor. Supernatants from mitogen‐stimulated rheumatoid inflammatory mononuclear cells and mitogen‐stimulated T cells preactivated by dendritic cells usually contained less interleukin 2 than supernatants from mitogen‐stimulated normal T cells. Furthermore, the various in vivo and in vitro‐activated Tac‐positive T cells, in contrast to nonactivated Tac‐negative T cells from peripheral blood of patients and controls, significantly absorbed interleukin 2. The results indicate a turnover of interleukin 2 in rheuniatoid inflammatory T cells comparable to that of T cells activated by de

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An AA‐like protein with a molecular weight of 8600 complexed to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) was demonstrated in several acute‐phase sera with high levels of SAA. The protein ‘apo AA’(to distinguish it from tissue AA) was isolated by elution from sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)‐polyacrylamide gel, and showed antigenic identity with purified tissue protein AA in double immunodiffusion. Normal HDL was shown to bind purified tissue AA in vitro. When the in vitro‐associated HDL‐AA complexes were given intravenously to mice during induction of amyloidosis, human AA was incorporated in the amyloid fibrils. Both apo AI and apo AII were shown to displace SAA from acute phase HDL when added to HDL‐SAA complexes in vitro. This might be of importanee in amyloidogenesis, as the liver and the small intestine, which are the main sites for AI and AII synthesis, are also sites of early a

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of different concentrations of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on the development of cytotoxic cells was studied, PMA was selectively able to prevent the development of cytotoxic cells in a mixed leucocyte culture, while allowing the responding cells to proliferate. The higher concentration of PMA (10−5m) blocked both direct cytotoxicity and lytic activity in the presence ot lectin, while the lower concentration (10−8m) only prevented direct lytic function. The removal of PMA and subsequent addition of recombinant interleukin 2 (IL‐2) or IL‐2‐containing supernatants effectively reversed the effect of PMA with recovery of antigen‐specific lytic function of cells treated with 10−8m, while cells treated with 10−5mPMA only recovered lectin‐dependent

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evidence is presented that the development of arthritis induced in mice by 2,6,10,14‐tetra‐methylpentadecane (pristane) involves the immune response. Mice irradiated (500 rad) before injection of pristane failed to develop arthritis. By contrast, irradiated mice given lymphoid cells from normal donors and challenged with pristane developed arthritis. Other experiments showed that lymphoid cells from irradiated mice given pristane suppressed the development of arthritis in recipients challenged with pristane. Finally, the incidence of arthritis was significantly higher in CBA/Igb mice given pristane than in the allotypic congenic strain CBA/H, suggesting that a gene linked to the heavy chain immunoglobulin locus controls the development of arthri

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Normal human macrophage/monocyte cultures exposed to a suppressor factor produced by concanavalin A‐activated T cells (T‐SF), respond by releasing after 72 h a macrophage‐derived suppressor factor (Mφ‐SF). The Mφ‐SF inhibits pokeweed mitogen‐induced Ig synthesis but not T‐or B‐cell proliferation. Cycloheximide treatment of the macrophages does not interfere with generation of the Mφ‐SF, suggesting that de novo synthesis is not required. The factor is not preformed, for virgin maerophages do not contain Mφ‐SF. but it appears in macrophage cell lysates after exposure to T‐SF. The production of the Mφ‐SF is inhibited by the presence of 2‐mercaptoethanol. Both T‐SF and Mφ‐SF arel‐rhamnose inhibitable and the Mφ‐SF appears to be released as a high molecular weight complex which is dissociable into a low molecular weight form of a size similar to the T‐SF, i.e. ∼20,000. The T‐SF induced Mφ‐SF has some similarities with soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) but differs from this factor in (a) its lack of effect upon lymphocyie proliferation (b) failure to induce c

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY