摘要:

The differential effects of H‐2 IAk‐specific T helper cells, their soluble factors and Sepharose‐coupled anti‐μ antibodies on the growth and differentiation of pre‐activated B cells were studied. It was found that the prolonged growth of pre‐activated B cells required activation signals from major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐restricted T helper cells or Sepharose‐coupled anti‐μ antibodies. The MHC‐restricted T helper cells induced both prolonged growth and differentiation of activated B cells Anti‐μ antibodies together with T helper cell‐derived soluble factors induced prolonged growth of activated B cells, but no differentiation into Ig secretion was detected. The inhibition of Ig secretion in anti‐μ cultures could be overcome to some exent by either MHC‐restricted T helper cells or lipopolysaccharide together with soluble factors. It was also observed that T helper cell interactions were needed for long‐term in vitro cultu

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were activated with K46M, a mitogenic monoclonal antibody against La‐reactive T lymphocyte surface structures. The cultures were expanded in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL‐2). After 1 month of culture, the activated T cells were cloned by limiting dilution at 0.5 cells/well. Five clones with the CD3+CD4+phenotype and one clone with the CD3+CD8+phenotype wore obtained The CD3+CD8+clone (K99) displayed a strong major histocompatibility complexe (MHC)‐unrestricted cytolytic activity against MOLT‐4 and a weaker reactivity against the bladder tumour cell lines T24 and RT4. The natural killer (NK)‐susceptible K562 cells were not lysed. Two of the CD3+CD4+clones (K91 and K914) showed a helper activity in pokeweed mitogen (PWM)‐induced IgG production by B cells. These cells differed in the expression of CD45R and CDw29 antigens, as defined by the monoclonal antibodies 2H4 or D10D11 and 4B4. When stimulated with PWM for 48 or 72 h, clone K91 and an additional CD4‐positive clone (K913) secreted a factor into the supernatants which helped B ceils to produce IgG. The K913 supernatant also induced some IgM production. The supernatant obtained after similar simulation of K914 cells was inactive. None of these supernatants induced B cells to proliferate when tested together with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). However, when K91 and K914 cells were activated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) for 48 or 72 h, the supernatant from K91 was strongly helpful in B‐cell proliferation, whereas the supernatant from K914 cultures was only moderately active In conclusion, we have established human T helper clones that release different factors supporting either B‐cell proliferation or maturation when stimulate

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The marine T‐cell clone E11 isolated from a primary H‐2khistocompatible one‐way mixed lymphocyte culture of B10.BR anti C3H/Tif spleen cells was used to study multidirectional interactions in strong stimulatory Mls disparate responses. Several parameters have recently been studied, and proliferation of T cells upon stimulation by macrophages or B cells of Mls‐disparate stimulator cells, induction of differentiation of B cells of stimulator strains but inhibition of their macrophage differentiation, and the inhibition by E11 T cells of the production of a mitogenic mediator by Mls‐disparate spleen cells have been found. As shown in this paper, these phenomena can be explained by an Mlsa, d, cspecific induction of gamma‐interferon(IFN‐γ) production in the responder B10.BR (Mlsb) E11 T cells. It is suggested that (IFN‐γ), as a regulator of feedback mechanisms, plays a critical role in Mls disparate T

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The leucocyte surface glycoproteins CD11a (gp160, LFA‐1 antigen, TA‐1 antigen), CD11b (gp155, Mac‐1 antigen, Mo‐1 antigen), CD11c (gp 130, Leu‐M5 antigen), and CD18 (gp90) constitute three heterodimers with different α chain and a common β chain Monoclonal antibodies to CD11a, b, or c block adhesion of certain types of leucocytes only, while several antibodies to CD 18 inhibit adhesion in all of them. The functionally important site or sites on CD 18 are not known. We have now isolated the CD11a,b,c‐CD18 leucocyte antigen complex in large amounts from human leucocytes, and produced several new monoclonal antibodies reacting with CD18. One of these antibodies, like those described earlier, inhibits leucocyte adhesion, whereas the others do not. By means of competition experiments, at least four epitope regions were found. These antibodies should be valuable in elucidating the regions essential in CD18‐mediated leuc

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eight lactating and seven non‐lactating female rats were immunized in Peyer's patches (Pp) withEscherichia coli06 carrying type 1 pili. Eight days later the thoracic duct was drained and bile was collected at the same time. During the lymph drainage in the lactating rats, the biliary IgA anti‐pili antibodies decreased less than the anti‐lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies. The non‐lactating rats showed only a very small difference in decrease between the anti‐pili and the anti‐LPS antibodies. Transfer of mesenteric lymph node cells from male donor rats immunized with theE. colistrain to syngeneic male recipients resulted in the appearance of both IgA anti‐pili and anti‐LPS antibodies in the bile. This is at variance with the results seen in lactating rats, where only biliary IgA anti‐LPS is seen after similar cell transfer. In conclusion, the study shows that in lactating rats a larger proportion of biliary IgA anti‐pili antibodies than anti‐LPS antibodies is derived from extraintestinal sites, such as the mammary glands or the liver. Thus, this study confirms that the nature of the antigen influences the transfer of the secretory antibody response to

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The specificity of B lymphocytes activated in the acute phase of murineTrypanosoma cruziinfection was analysed in a panel of immunoglobulin‐secreting hybridomas derived by fusion of lymph node cells 7 days after intraperitoneal parasite inoculation. The immunoglobulin isotype distribution of the hybrids reflected the total plaque‐forming cell (PFC) response in the animal at this point, with a predominance of IgG2a, IgM, and IgG2b. Screening of the hybridoma antibodies on parasite antigens by three independent methods (western blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence) revealed only one (out of a total of 51) that bound a parasite molecule with an apparent molecular mass of 180 kDa. In contrast, antibodies of both IgM and IgG classes were found to react with a panel of autologous antigens. These results establish that most B cells activated byT. cruziinfection are not specific for parasite antigens and therefore indicate the relevance of analysing the totality of host responses to infect

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid drainage into the lymphatics was studied by injections of 5μl of packed sheep red blood cells (SRBC) injected into the caudate nucleus, the occipital lobe, and the lateral ventricle of the brain in mice. The number of plaque‐forming cells (PFC) was determined in the deep cervical lymph nodes, the axillar lymph nodes, and the spleen, and the number of PFC was compared with the response in the same tissues after Intravenous immunization with 0.1 ml 10% SRBC. The weight of the deep cervical lymph nodes increased 3.0 times on day 3 after injection in the brain parenchyma compared with the weight of these nodes after intravenous immunization. The antigen‐specific response peaked on day 5, 392±37 PFC/106for IgG in the deep cervical lymph nodes after antigen deposition in the caudate nucleus, whereas only a minor peak in the antigen‐specific response was obtained after intraventricular antigen deposition, 127±79 PFC×106for IgG on day 6. There were no increased PFC in any of the lymph nodes after intravenous immunization. The experiments show an antigen‐specific response in the deep cervical lymph nodes after intracerebral antigen deposition, whereas antigens deposited in the lateral ventricles drain preferentially to the blood, with a high response in

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

T lymphocytes provide a major line of defence against many protozoan parasites. The aim of this work was to determine the role of T‐cell helper/inducer subset (T h/i) in the resistance toTrypanosoma cruziin a murine model. The imponatance of natural killer (NK) cells in the resistance to the parasite was also evaluated. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were injected with either monoclonal antibodies against L3T4, Thy 1.2, NK1.1, or with a polyclonal rabbit antiserum against NK cells (anti‐asialo GM‐1). The effect of in vivo administration of these antibodies was tested in separate functional assays. Alter antibody treatment, mice were infected with a low dose ofT. cruziin the bloodstream form. Mice depleted of, or reduced in T, T h/i, or NK cell activity all developed higher parasitaemia and had higher mortality than their control counterparts. Mice injected with anti‐L3T4 monoclonal antibodies were unable to generate a specific antibody response to the parasite. Treatment of mice with alpha/beta interferon, which is known to boost NK cell activity, resulted in an enhanced resistance to the parasite. Our data indicate that T h/i cells as well as NK cells are of vital importance in controlling parasitaemia and reducing mortality inT. crazi‐infected mice. Finally, We also demonstrate that the production of antibodies specific forT. cruziis strictly T helper cell

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When human peripheral him id B cells are cultured for 6 days with the T cell‐dependent peptide antigen ovalbumin (OA) in the presence of antigen‐presenting cells and helper T cells, plaque‐forming cells (PFC) are generated. These OA‐induced PFC differ from the conventional high‐rate antibody‐secreting PFC formed after stimulation of B cells with recall antigens (e.g. tetanus toxoid) in that they secrete antibody at a very low level. Previous studies have shown that OA‐induced PFC are B lymphocytes in an early activation stale rather than cells that have differentiated into plasmablasts. The apparent arrest in the maturation of OA‐induced PFC in an early activation phase can he overcome by simultaneous stimulation with interleukin 2 (1L‐2) and gamma interferon (IFN‐γ). The isotype of the OA‐specific antibodies secreted, however, are only of the IgM class, demonstrating that an isotype

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human neutrophils, when cultured with human articular cartilage coated with heal aggregated immunoglobulin G, degraded proteoglycan and inhibited its synthesis. Neutrophil‐mediated degradation of cartilage was potentiated by recombinant human tumour necrosis factor‐β (TNFβ), although TNFβ alone did not alter proteoglycan degradation. This effect was seen when TNFβ, neutrophils, and cartilage were incubated together, and also when neutrophils were preincubated with TNFβ and washed before being added to cartilage. Similar results were obtained with living and killed cartilage, in contrast, ptetreatment of neutrophils with TNFβ abrogated the neutrophil‐mediated inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthesis. There was no effect of TNFβ alone on synthesis of

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY