摘要:

The interaction between soluble immune complexes and the first component of complement (Cl) was studied. Complexes were prepared from purified bovine thyroglobulin (BTg) or tetanus toxoid (TT) and immunospecific rabbit IgG antibodies. Purified human precursor Cl was incubated with dilutions of the preparations, and the inhibition of Cl haemolytic activity was determined as a measure of Cl‐binding. The activation of Cl was assessed by measuring the amount of C4 consumed by generated Cl. The molar antibody/antigen (Ab/Ag) ratio of BTg‐anti‐BTg mixtures strongly influenced their Cl‐binding and Cl‐activating capacities: mixtures with high Ab/Ag ratios were by far the most efficient. On the other hand, the Ab/Ag ratio had only a limited influence on the activity of TT‐anti‐TT complexes. The effect of complex size was investigated by ultracentrifugation of antibody‐antigen mixtures on calibrated sucrose density gradients followed by Cl‐binding and ‐activation experiments with the fractions obtained. For both types of immune complex, the Cl‐binding and ‐activating capacities increased markedly with increasing complex size. Thus, both the size and the Ab/Ag ratio of soluble immune complexes influence their capacity to activate the classical complement pathway. The effect of the Ab/Ag ratio, however, may also be dependent on the antigen molecule(s) p

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00905.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The control of the autoimmune response to modified self‐antigens was explored, using immunodeficient mice injected with syngeneic trinitrophenylated spleen cells (TNP‐SC) as an experimental model system. X‐irradiated (250rad) A mice injected with TNP‐SC and footpad‐challenged 7 to 14 days later with syngeneic lymphohlasts generated a dclayed‐type hypersensilivity (DTH)response that was expressed by footpad swelling measured 24 h, 48 h and 72 h later. Histopathological examination showed massive inflammatory infiltration in the soft tissues of the limbs with extensive necrosis. This was notobserved in X‐irradiated mice that received the lymphoblast challenge only.The immunological activity was transferred from the X‐irradiated TNP‐SC‐immunized mice to naive recipients by T cells (Lyt‐1+) and not by serum, thus excluding the possibility that the inflammatory reaction is mediated by antibodies. We have previously presented evidence that the differentiation status of the lymphoblasts, and not contaminants from the incubation media, was the determinant factor eliciting the DTH response of immunodeficient mice injected with TNP‐SC. Since only syngeneic lymphoblasts were able to elicit the DTH response of immunodeficient mice injected wiih syngeneic TNP‐SC, we suggested that immunologies! activity was directed against self‐antigens, thus expressing an autoimmune reactivity. The ability of immunodeficient mice to generate syngeneic DTH was not restricted to the TNP hapten or to inbred A‐strain mice. X‐irradiated BALB/c mice injected with syngeneic penicillinatcd spleen cells and challenged with syngeneic lymphoblatsts generated a significant DTH response, in contrast to X‐irradiated BALB/c mice exposed to the challenge dose only. X‐irradiated A mice injected with syngeneic TNP‐SC and simultaneously reconstituted with syngeneic splenocytcs failed to generate a DTH response after the lymphoblast challenge, indicating that the syngeneic DTH response is controlled by normal suppressor cells. The suppressor cells were characterized as T cells carrying I‐Jk, Lyt‐1+, Lyt‐2+and Lyt‐3+antigenic markers. The suppressor cells abrogated the syngeneic DTH response of immunodeficient mice injected with TNP‐SC, even when transferred a few days after the induction of immunological activity, but not when transferred 1 h before the lymphoblast challenge, indicating that even the established immunological activity can be restrained. Various immunological aspects of these observations and the significance of the findings in illumin

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00906.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The direct 5‐day plaque‐forming cell response of different inbred mouse strains to pneumococcal polysaccharide type III (SSS‐III) varied from more than 10,000 per spleen, in BALB/c mice, to less than 2000 in C57BL mice. Responses of Igh congenic and recombinant inbred lines bearing different combinations of BALB/c and C57BL genes indicate that two or more gene loci are involved in controlling high or low responses. At least one is in the Igh‐V region since BALB/c, BAB‐14, and CB‐8 KN mice (Igh‐V2) had two to four times higher responses than CB‐20 and CB‐16 KN mice (Igh‐Vb). Other gene loci must be involved, but nothing can be said ab

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00907.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and steroid (ST) on the number of plaque‐forming cells (PFC) developed in pokeweed mitogen‐activated cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was investigated. Cultures of 106PBL were established from blood samples of 16 healthy volunteers before and after intake of 2 g of ASA, and parallel cultures were supplemented with ST in vitro. The immunoglobulin secretion was monitored with a protein A assay. Our results show that pharmacological doses of ASA in vivo decrease the number of PFC by 41%, whereas the distribution of the subpopulations was unaltered. In cultures of PBL obtained before the intake of ASA and supplemented with 10, 50 or 100 μg/ml of dexamethasone the number of PFC was decreased by 50%, 41% and 44%, respectively. In cultures of PBL obtained after the intake of ASA and supplemented with 10, 50 or 100 μg/ml of ST, the number of PFC was further decreased by 22%, 32% and 38%. The effects of ASA in vivo and ST in vitro were additive. The ratio of IgM, IgG and IgA PFC was unaffected by ASA and ST. It is suggested that the modulation of the PFC response induced by ASA and ST is mediated by the prostaglandin s

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00908.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have searched for immunological mechanisms contributing to the epidemiologically established phenomenon of lower incidence of breast carcinoma among multiparous women and women with pregnancy at early age. Sera collected from 55 clinically healthy multiparous women were tested for the ability to mediate cytotoxicity in an antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated (ADCC) assay with normal blood leucocytes against three different mammary carcinoma cell lines (MDA‐MB 157, MDA‐MB 231, and MDA‐MB 436), Sera from 12 women (22%) mediated significant cytotysis against all three cell lines. Three additional sera were positive against MDA‐MB 231 and 11) more against MDA‐MB 436 (total 42%). Cross‐adsorptions revealed that the ADCC‐active sera contained antibodies that recognized the same antigen(s) on the different mammary carcinoma‐derived cell lines. The sera from multiparous women contained no detectable ADCC‐active antibodies against a colon carcinoma cell line (SW 1116) or a neurohlastoma cell line (SH‐SY5Y). ADCC‐active antibodies were found neither in sera from 35 nulliparous women nor in sera from 20 men. The ADCC‐active antibodies against mammary carcinoma cells could not he removed by adsorption with lymphoblastoid cells established from the respective husbands of the multiparous women. This observation and the fact that the mammary carcinoma cell lines were established from different patients argue against an impact of HLA‐related antigens. The ADCC‐active antibodies reported here might result from autoimmunization against some proliferation/differentiation antigen(s) of breast epithelium which is (are) expressed

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00909.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cellular response in the human skin tuberculin reaction was studied with immunohistochemical double‐staining techniques in frozen sections of skin biopsies taken 6 h to 8 days after intradermal PPD injections. Cell infiltrates were observed from day 2 onwards and increased in size up to 4 days. Most of the infiltrating cells reacted with anti‐Leu 3a (T ‘helper/inducer’ phenotype) antibodies. In contrast to normal epidermis, not only Langerhans cells but also keratinocytes expressed MLA‐DR antigens from day 4 onwards. The induction of HLA‐DR antigens on keratinocytes may be secondary to T‐cell activation. Since the HLA‐DR expression on keratinocytes appeared late in the tuberculin reaction, the function may be to suppress rather than enhance the

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00910.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from four patients with IgG myeloma and four patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG) were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen(PWM), and the in vitro immunoglobulin production over 7 days was measured with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. All myeloma patients were sufficiently treated with cytostatic drugs. Their PBM did not product monoclonal Ig in vitro, as opposed to PBM from two patients with BMG. Unseparated PBM from myeloma patients produced smaller amounts of polyclonal Ig than unseparated cells from normal donors. However, macrophage‐depleted PBM from myeloma patients produced amounts of Ig comparable to those of normal donors when autologous or allogeneic adherent cells were returned in defined numbers. T cells from three of the four myeloma patients could provide help for the Ig production by B cells from healthy donors. These results indicate that functionally normal polyclonal B cells circulate in the blood of myeloma patients. The circulating T‐cell population also has no obvious defect. In contrast, blood macrophages seemed to be altered with respect to their regulating function for polyclonal Ig production. The results obtained by using cell populations from patients with BMG did not differ from those of healthy p

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00911.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To investigate the influence of naturally occurring immune complexes (ICs) on monocyte lysosomal enzyme release, blood monocytes have been isolated from normal human volunteers, purified, and maintained in culture for 5 days. These cells have been exposed in vitro to sera containing ICs and to the same sera depleted of ICs with 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG). IC‐containing sera have been shown to result in increased lysosomal enzyme release (N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase (NAG) and β‐glucuronidase) sustained for up to 5 days even after brief (24‐h) exposure (NAG activity at 12 h. nmol substrate hydrolysed ml‐1culture supernatant: control, 98±27; 2% PEG control. 70±10; IC serum exposure for 120h. 305 ± 73; IC serum exposure for 24 h, 330±95; exposure to IC‐depleted sera 120 h. 158 ± 93). Flintier analysis showed no relationship between the total IC concentration and cnzyme release, nor was there any relationship between the complement component (C3) composition of the complexes and degree of enzyme release These results confirm the potential importance of circulating IC on monocyte activation in man and indicate that this could result in changes in macrophage activity at the

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00912.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human peripheral T‐cell subpopulations revealed by monoclonal antibodies by means of a rescuing method were isolated by micromanipulation and submitted to electron microscopic analysis. The T3+ subset (total T cells) displayed a high degree of heterogeneity, including multiple transitional forms, from cells with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and rare organdies in cells with a low nuclear to cytoplasmie ratio and a complex system of cytoplusmic organdies. T4+ (inducer/helper) and T8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cell suhpopulations were shown to have no evident distinguishing characteristics. They both displayed the same morphological variation mentioned for T8+ lymphocytes. On morphometric analysis, these two cell subsets were very similar, with only slight differences for cell surface roughness, volume of mitochondria, extent of nuclear indentation, and surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The significance of these minor morphological differences is discusse

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00913.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are able to eliminate P815 (DBA/2) mastocytoma cells growing in cerebrospinal fluid of BALB/c H‐2‐compatible but minor histocompatibility (H) antigen‐different mice and in H‐2‐incompatible C3H/He mice. We examined the magnitude of the primary CTL response to multiple, minor H antigens and to determinants of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) by using a direct cytolytic assay and limiting‐dilution analysis to estimate CTL frequency. By these criteria, no obvious differences emerged, and the responses appeared comparable at the site of inflammatory process, despite differences in the number of clonal progenitors. Experiments with radiation chimeras showed evidence of a strong cytotoxic T‐cell response against P815 cells in [(ddd × bbb)F1→ ddd] and (F1→ bbd), but not in (F1→ bbb) radiation chimeras. Therefore, this cytotoxic T‐cell response against minor H antigens obeys the postulated rules for thymic restriction of precursors. Compatibility at the H‐2 D‐end of the MHC is apparently sufficient t

ISSN:0300-9475    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00914.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY