摘要:

SummaryIn the traditional method of moving milk from farms the main features are the conditions at the farm which bear on speed of loading and collection, the design of the churn, the type and dimensions of the lorry body, and the type of power unit. After providing the proper instruments for the job, the main contribution from management lies in ensuring(1) a high standard in the performance of vehicles by a comprehensive system of maintenance.(2) that the instruments are used in the most effective manner, the routing of lorries, the scheduling of loads to provide service to the dairy plant and the adjustment of roads and routes in line with seasonal variations in the volume of milk, are all matters for management to tackle.The factors which have been considered are a11 designed to promote economy in operations, economy achieved not by lowering the quality of the service but by raising the level of operational efficiency. In the quest for greater efficiency we should obviously be prepared to examine new methods and techniques however strange they may appear.

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1953.tb01291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1953.tb01292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1953.tb01293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1953.tb01294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1953.tb01295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBacteriological aspects of the batch‐sterilizing process as practised in one dairy, based on meso‐phile and thermophile spore counts and an analysis of subsequent spoilage, have been examined. The results from the commercial process have been compared with those from processes on a pilot scale giving treatments of 100°C. for 90 min. and 113°C. for 35 min. The treatment at 100°C. gave unsatisfactory bacteriological results: 20% of the treated bottles showed mesophile spoilage within 7 days, while almost all the bottles gave thermophile spoilage. The 113°C. treatment gave milk which was free from mesophile spoilage after 10 weeks, while the thermophile spoilage was reduced to 29%. The colour of the milk was affected considerably by this treatment.After treatment by the normal process in one of the dairy sterilizers, no spoilage occurred due to growth of thermophiles during the long cooling period. Slow cooling appeared to encourage subsequent mesophile growth slightly. Mesophile spoilage was 12 times as great for bottles treated at the bottom of the sterilizer than for those treated at the top. This was due to temperature variations throughout the sterilizer, caused by large amounts of air in the steam. The effect of efficient air removal on the temperature distribution is shown, and the influence of sterilizer operation on potential spoilage is discussed.The number of mesophile spores in the milk as received was normally below 5 per 100 ml. The number of thermophile spores in this milk was of the same order, but increased as the milk passed through the plant, particularly towards the end of the day's run. The filler was found to be the main source of this thermophile contamination.Preliminary results are given on the browning of whole milk during sterilization. At normal processing temperatures it is difficult to produce effectively sterile milk without undesirable br

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1953.tb01296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1953.tb01297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1953.tb01298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1953.tb01299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1953.tb01300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY