摘要:

Changes in the microbial flora of heat‐treated cream due to storage at 5°C for five days were studied. The relatively mixed flora of fresh cream at both 5°C and 30°C incubation temperatures appeared to vary according to source, with few psychotrophic organisms originally. After storage the flora became almost dominated by psychotrophic types with total numbers not less than 106/ml, although the original numbers were very low indeed—in most samples less than 1

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1974.tb01670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1974.tb01671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Improvements in the method used to determine extraneous matter in milk enables the analysis to be completed within a few hours. The new method involves centrifugation to recover the sediment and employs chemical treatment to remove material other than extraneous matter from the sediment.

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1974.tb01672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Methods of computing the BOD load on an effluent plant from the volume, milk content and BOD strength of dairy waste waters are discussed. Sources of milk wastage associated with various operations within the dairy and their contribution to the polluting load are given. Practical procedures are described for identification of sources of milk losses, sampling and testing of volume and strength of individual components and of the final effluent; procedures for reducing milk wastage are suggested. New systems of segregating dairy wastes are proposed.

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1974.tb01673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1974.tb01674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Detailed practical information is given on procedures for sampling dairy effluents, sampling equipment and sampling errors. Laboratory testing methods described in detail include the BOD test, COD test and rapid COD test, solids content, organic carbon and total nitrogen. Information derived from each test, testing errors, errors of single composite samples and interpretation of results in relation to dairy losses is related to practical dairy operation and management.

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1974.tb01675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1974.tb01677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dairy research is divided into basic and development fields. The first is briefly discussed from the standpoint of co‐operation and it is suggested that, subject to qualification, this field is conducted in a spirit of co‐operation. The problems associated with co‐operation in the development field lie in the connection of the results of such work with its exploitation by commercial companies. The situation in other industries in the UK and in dairying abroad is briefly discussed.The author discusses one approach to the problem of co‐operative development research by means of a consortium of three major dairy undertakings, with illustrations drawn from two projects. This organization is expected to make its facilities available to other companies on a commercial basis. The advantages in flexibility of approach and in appreciation of the practical problems of the industry are emp

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1974.tb01678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1974.tb01679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

New Zealand has got an excellent climate for prolonged grazing and high output pastures.To exploit this great natural asset fully, all cows are spring calved and manufacturing milk is produced exclusively from grass. The pattern of milk production is completely seasonal with a total shut down of milking sheds and manufacture for a period in the winter.Herds are very large by European standards and there is almost complete standardization of milking sheds and systems and this, allied with almost complete specialization, results in low cost high‐output efficient units.Low feed costs combined with low shed and equipment costs allied with high output/acre,/labour unit and /farm, enables New Zealand dairy farmers to make a relatively good living from milk (4 per cent fat) sold at 10p/ga

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1974.tb01680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY