ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1977.tb01194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The principles of the UHT process are discussed, and the influence of processing temperature and time on sterilizing efficiency are explained. Available types of sterilizer are summarized, and particular attention given to the relative merits of direct and indirect heating processes. Aseptic filling processes used commercially are summarized. Finally, the bacteriological, chemical and organoleptic qualities of UHT milk are considered, with particular reference to their influence on the ultimate consumer.

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1977.tb01195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper shows the design development during the last decade of UHT plants in the United Kingdom. With the increase of automation in the dairy industry the progress in the design of aseptic processing systems leading to the simplification of the basic design is described in detail. Indirect and direct UHT plant are considered and the advantages and disadvantages of design evaluated. The operation of aseptic processing lines is discussed and the need for a high standard of experience in operators stressed. Variations in design of UHT plant and aseptic tank systems are examined with further development in the use of aseptic fillers.

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1977.tb01196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The commercial aspects of aseptic processing and packaging of milk showing only a slow rise in the market are assessed. The paper describes three types of process plant, the indirect plate heat exchanger, indirect tubular heat exchanger and direct steam injection plants and the various advantages are evaluated. Simplification of plants with the removal of de‐gassers, flash cooling vessels etc. is emphasized in the modern indirect plant which will heat, cool and homogenize as simply as possible. Differences between operation of a UHT carton dairy and an average bottling dairy are described. (Editor's summar

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1977.tb01197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The dairy industry has been instrumental in developing UHT processes and aseptic packaging. However, different standards may be necessary for foodstuffs other than milk. Products, their development and preparation prior to processing using existing technology and equipment are outlined. Heat treatment, commercial sterility and enzyme survival are discussed. The value and cost of proving aseptic systems are discussed together with suggestions for aseptically linking process and packing plants using aseptic tanks or otherwise. The accurate evaluation of equipment prior to purchase is stressed. A conclusion is drawn that the exploitation of UHT products is dependent on the development of truly aseptic packing machines.

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1977.tb01198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper describes the various factors contributing to quality control and stresses the importance of the selection and location of plant. The need for careful selection and training of a team for plant operation is emphasized. The essential control of raw materials, plant cleaning and sterilizing are examined also the organoleptic methods of testing. Tables are given illustrating grades in flavour and cream texture, also a system of monitoring cream quality. (Editor's summary)

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1977.tb01199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper covers the history of UHT sales in the UK and explains reasons for the small sale of UHT milk. Sales are expected to rise significantly ‐ more sterilized milk is being replaced by UHT, and skimmed milk and flavoured milks being promoted. UHT product sales are encouraging with cream, custards, desserts and ice‐cream established. With continual price increases, caterers and shops would want to reduce waste and require non‐perishable goods. UHT processing could be beneficial to dairies for doorstep delivery as well as shop sales. Particular mention is made of the success dairies have had with aseptically packed

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1977.tb01200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The development of packed milk relative to total milk consumption in Switzerland from 1958‐76 is illustrated and the future of the industry in Continental Europe considered. Decrease in milk consumption in both Switzerland and Germany and the limitations of climatic conditions and transport are discussed and the advantages of UHT long‐life milk evaluated. The potential in an increasing market for UHT milk products and in aseptic filling machines is assessed. (Editor's summa

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1977.tb01201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The role of milk and milk products in the human diet is examined briefly and the possibility discussed of expanding the market for dairy products through the production by natural methods of materials with distinctive characteristics. The scope for modifying milk composition by genetic or physiological means is considered and several well documented examples are given of the manipulation of milk composition by dietary means.

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1977.tb01202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The importance of the co‐operative system in the organization of the Danish dairy industry and farms is described, also the work of the Danish Dairy Federation and its many services to agriculture. The report of the tour, covering a wide range of dairy interests in its 21 visits, highlights the increase in exports of Danish cheese and butter. (Editor's summar

ISSN:1364-727X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0307.1977.tb01203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY