摘要:

SummaryFour full thickness cartilage defects, two linear and two elliptical, and four subchondral cavity defects were created at the point of weightbearing of the medial femoral condyle in four experimental ponies. This study showed that subchondral bone cysts can develop following full thickness (cartilage only) linear cartilage defects at a weightbearing location. Subchondral bone cysts did not develop following the removal of an elliptical piece of cartilage, exposing the subchondral bone. Primary subchondral defects created in communication with the joint cavity did not heal by replacement with bone over a six‐month period. Fibrous and cartilaginous repair occurred which appeared to be unrelated to the size or depth of the subchondral defect. Irrespective of the size of the defects, the surrounding bone showed marked woven bone formation with remodelling of existing and newly formed bone. The resulting osteosclerosis indicated a positive balance and a natural limitation of cavity expansion. The positive balance affected only the surrounding bone and did not lead to re‐establishment of the bone within the cavity during the period stud

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03529.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb04617.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMethods of investigating horses with suspected shoulder lameness are described and discussed. The gait of shoulder lameness is characterised and compared with that of lower forelimb lameness. If lameness is slight, differentiation may be difficult, but if moderate, upper forelimb lameness usually results in shortening of the cranial phase of the stride and a low limb flight. Clinically, it may not be possible to differentiate between shoulder and elbow lameness without intra‐articular anaesthesia. Practical aspects of intra‐articular anaesthesia of the shoulder joint are reviewed. Synovial fluid must be retrieved to ensure that the needle is intra‐articular. Up to 60 mins may elapse after injection of local anaesthetic before significant improvement occurs. Lameness is often improved rather than eliminated. A technique for standing radiography of the shoulder is described and the limitations of assessing a joint only by lateral projections are highlighted. There may be difficulties in positioning weanling foals and yearlings, resulting in superimposition of the shoulder joint, cervical and thoracic vertebra and ribs. It is concluded that a combination of a thorough clinical examination, faradism, local anaesthesia, synovial fluid analysis and radiography usually enables an accurate diagnosis to be re

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03530.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb04618.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe results of a detailed investigation of 58 horses with suspected shoulder lameness are described. Lameness was found to originate distal to the shoulder region in 22 horses. No diagnosis was reached in five horses. Genuine shoulder problems occurred in 29 horses. The clinical signs of shoulder lameness are described and contrasted with lower limb lameness. The limitations of currently available diagnostic techniques are discussed. Problems identified in the shoulder region included osteochondritis dissecans, subchondral bone cysts, arthrosis, fracture, luxation, septic arthritis and soft tissue damage. Some of the differences between osteochondritis dissecans and subchondral bone cysts are described and it is suggested that these are two separate conditions.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03531.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb04619.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03532.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe paper describes five cases of atrial fibrillation detected after racing. In four of them, the arrhythmia disappeared spontaneously within 24 h and they were regarded as paroxysmal in type. In the fifth case, which won its race, the arrhythmia persisted for at least 45 h after racing. It was therefore regarded as an example of persistent atrial fibrillation. It was then treated with quinidine sulphate which restored sinus rhythm. It would seem that paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may be a cause of sudden decrease in racing performance.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe value of radiology as part of an examination of the equine head is emphasised and the radiological appearances of more commonly occurring conditions are described. Even the normal anatomy of this complex site is subject to great variation and the aspiring radiologist should, therefore, have a good knowledge of the possible normal variations. A flexible approach must be used rather than a limitation to one or two ritual projections. The use of contrast media, wherever it might be useful, is advocated so that the maximum amount of information may be obtained from each examination. Finally, emphasis is laid on the fallibility of radiology when used in isolation and its use to complement other investigative procedures, such as endoscopy, is encouraged.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb04620.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY