摘要:

SummaryAnin vitrostudy on the calcaneus of adult horses (n = 5) and foals (n = 10) was carried out using radiographic photodensitometry, single photon absorptiometry, transmission ultrasound velocity and chemical analysis. Data for trabecular bone content, ash, calcium and phosphorus levels were obtained. As techniques for assessing bone quality, ultrasound velocity was not sufficiently sensitive nor accurate and radiographic photodensitometry was found to be of limited value. Photon absorptiometry was both accurate and reproducible, although some variation in bone mineral content and bone mineral density was observed along the length of the calcaneus. Bone mineral content was estimated in a second series of fibular tarsal bones from 23 horses ranging in age from less than six months to 16 years. The photon absorptiometry technique was also applied to the hocks of four hind limbs at post mortem and two horses under general anaesthesia. It was concluded that the calcaneus was a feasible site for photon absorptiometry, but that the present equipment would require considerable modification for use in the standing horse.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb04654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryForce plate data from walking horses were used to evaluate the locomotion of a group of six horses during experimentally induced lameness in a forelimb or a hindlimb. By tightening or loosening screws in modified horseshoes the resulting pressure pain on the sole enabled induction and release of three different degrees of supporting lameness within a period of 2 h. The ground reaction force (GRF) patterns of the different recording sessions were compared with control data of the same horse as well as with the ‘standard’ horse data using a quantitative evaluation procedure involving 93 GRF parameters. Clinically mild and moderate lameness at the walk could be distinguished by applying the H(orse)INDEX method, using ‘standard’ GRF data of horses of the same breed. Even subtle changes (clinically mild lameness at the trot but no lameness visible at the walk, and nerve blocking of moderate lameness at the walk) could be demonstrated objectively using an adapted quantification procedure (the C(ontrol)INDEX method), if control GRF parameters of that horse were obtained before lameness was

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb04655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryForce plate and high‐speed film data from a group of six walking horses were used to study the distribution of the ground reaction forces (GRF) of the concurrently loaded limbs. Three different degrees of supporting lameness were induced in a forelimb or a hindlimb using modified horse shoes. In all experiments the alterations in the distribution in the transverse horizontal GRF (Fx) were small. During unilateral forelimb lameness, the decreased longitudinal horizontal GRF (Fy) was compensated by an increase of the Fy forces of the contralateral forelimb and the ipsilateral hindlimb. The decreased vertical GRF (Fz) of the lame limb was compensated by an increase of the Fz amplitudes of the contralateral forelimb during the swing phase of the lame limb and increased Fz forces of both the diagonal and the ipsilateral hindlimbs during the stance phase of the lame limb. During unilateral hindlimb lameness the decreases in the deceleration Fy forces of the lame hindlimb were mainly compensated by increased propulsion forces in the contralateral hindlimb and small increases of the Fy forces of both forelimbs. The decreased Fz forces of the lame hindlimb were mainly compensated by increased Fz forces of the diagonal forelimb and smaller increases in Fz forces in the ipsilateral forelimb during the stance phase. During the swing phase of the lame hindlimb small compensatory increases were found in the contralateral hindlimb. Decreased peak amplitudes and impulses in the lame limb, and compensatory increases in the two or three concurrently loaded limbs, resulted in significant decreases in left‐to‐right symmetry percentages between forelimbs as well as hindlimbs during the different degrees of one limb lam

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb04656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe instant centres of rotation (ICRs) of each limb joint, other than the coxofemoral joint and those of the digits, were calculated for eight clinically sound horses from tracings of radiographs according to the method of Reuleaux (1963).The majority of ICR positions coincided with the attachment sites of the collateral ligaments. The ICR of the scapulohumeral joint, which does not have collateral ligaments, was caudodistal to the caudal part of the greater tubercle of the humerus. The ICR for the femorotibial joint was located just caudal to the femoral attachment of the collateral ligament.The location of the ICRs calculated for the two joint carpal joint complex was displaced caudad during extreme flexion of the carpus and differed from those calculated separately for either the antebrachiocarpal joint or the intercarpal joint. Interpretation of these ICR positions was confounded by complex spatial motion changes which occur between the carpal bones.The sites used for skin marker positions in equine locomotion and conformation research generally agree with the ICR positions, particularly for the humeroradial, tarsocrural, and metacarpo‐ and metatarsophalangeal joints. Traditional marker sites used for the scapulohumeral and femorotibial joints would result in overestimation and underestimation respectively of the caudal joint angles.Inaccuracy of marker placement, together with movement of skin markers and non‐planar motion during joint angulation, limit accurate biokinematic measurement of limb joint angles during locomotion and conformation analy

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb04657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFifty one horses had unilateral or bilateral femorotibial arthrotomy with medial condyle bone cyst curettage. A total of 60 cyst were treated. Treated horses responded to the surgery three to 12 months postoperatively. In 42 horses lameness was reduced or eliminated, enabling them to return to and remain in their intended function. Of these 42 horses 35 are sound, four of which have not started training, and seven showed partial improvement, two of which had no long term follow up. Of the remaining nine horses, two showed no reduction in lameness and seven were not followed up. Arthrotomy was successful in reducing or eliminating lameness in 82 per cent of all horses and 95 per cent of those where follow‐up was possible (42 of 44). Arthrotomy with subchondral bone cyst enucleation and curettage was determined to be a satisfactory treatment in anticipation of a variety of athletic activitie

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb04658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPerforated stainless steel cylinders filled with autogenous cancellous bone were implanted in the distal tarsal joints of four horses. Graft cell survival was poor two weeks after surgery in one horse. In two horses, at 10 months there was partial arthrodesis of the joints with incorporation of the implants into the osseous union. The implants were filled with vascularised woven bone. These two horses were sound nine months after surgery. One horse fractured its third tarsal bone and was still positive to a hock flexion test 12 months after surgery.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb04659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb04660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY