ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryProlonged luteal activity is one of the most formidable terminology challenges in mare reproductive biology. Prolonged luteal activity can be a result of persistence of an individual corpus luteum or the sequential development of luteal glands, each of which may have a normal life span. Luteal tissue can originate from an unovulated follicle or from an ovulation occurring during either follicular or luteal dominance. These complexities, together with ambiguous and inconsistent terminology, have resulted in confusion regarding those conditions which can be grouped broadly under the termprolonged luteal activity.Persistence of an individual corpus luteum can occur in association with severe damage to the endometrium resulting in loss of the uterine luteolytic mechanism. Spontaneous (no known uterine pathology) persistence of the corpus luteum from the follicular‐phase ovulation has not been documented adequately as a clinical entity. The occurrence of ovulation towards the end of dioestrus may cause confusion about the origin of prolonged luteal activity. Such immature dioestrous corpora lutea may not respond to the release of uterine luteolysin, thereby leading to prolonged luteal activity even though the original corpus luteum regressed at the normal time. In the absence of critical monitoring of the corpus luteum (eg by ultrasound) the prolonged activity could be attributed erroneously to persistence of the corpus luteum from the follicular‐phase ovulation.Pseudopregnancyis another confusing term that is sometimes used to describe persistence of the corpus luteum, especially when the luteal persistence is caused by embryonic loss after the embryo has blocked the uterine luteolytic mechanism. Careful attention to terminology, reliable technology and critical experimentation are needed to clarify the nature of those conditions that can be grouped under the termprolonged luteal activity.Terminology advanced in this review includesprimary corpus luteum, secondary corpus luteum, luteinised follicle, idiopathic persistence and uteropathic persiste

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA condition characterised by osteochondral fragmentation of the distal aspect of the patella in 15 horses is described. The problem was unilateral in six horses and bilateral in nine. There were eight Quarterhorses, three Thoroughbreds, two American Saddlebreds, one American Paint and one Warmblood‐Thoroughbred cross. A previous medial patellar desmotomy had been performed on 12 of the 15 horses. The condition manifested as hindlimb lameness and stiffness ranging from mild to severe. There was fibrous thickening in the stifle area in the 12 cases with a previous medial patellar desmotomy, and synovial effusion in seven of 12 cases. Synovial effusion was present in two of the three cases in which a previous medial patellar desmotomy was not performed. The radiographic changes included bony fragmentation, spurring (with or without an associated subchondral defect), subchondral roughening and subchondral lysis of the distal aspect of the patella. All horses were treated with arthroscopic surgery. The lesions at arthroscopy varied from flaking, fissuring, undermining or fragmentation of the articular cartilage to fragmentation or lysis of the bone at the distal aspect of the patella. The subchondral bone was involved in all cases that had a previous medial patellar desmotomy. Of the 12 horses that had a previous medial patellar desmotomy, eight became sound at their intended use, one was sold in training without problems, one is in early training without problems, one never improved and one is in convalescence. Of the three that did not have a patellar desmotomy, two performed their intended use well but one was unsatisfactor

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryStudies on a Thoroughbred breeding farm in Ohio from 1982 to 1988 demonstrated the value of three anthelmintic pastes (ivermectin, oxibendazole, pyrantel pamoate) in controlling benzimidazole resistant cyathostomes (small strongyles) in adult horses. However, a comparison of drug efficacy in suppressing faecal egg counts for the full period between treatments showed a significant reduction in efficacy of all drugs in yearling horses compared with adults. Mean faecal egg counts of adult horses were generally kept below 100 eggs per gram (epg) of faeces when using oxibendazole or pyrantel pamoate at four to five week intervals and ivermectin at eight week intervals. By contrast, mean counts of young horses rose as high as 655 epg (oxibendazole), 729 epg (pyrantel pamoate) and 852 epg (ivermectin) within the same time period after treatment. Individual counts of treated yearlings sometimes exceeded 3,000 epg. Three distinct mechanisms appeared to be involved in the poor results in young horses. These were 1) anthelmintic refuge, 2) anthelmintic resistance, and 3) anthelmintic avoidance.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTranstracheal aspirate (TTA) aerobic microbiology culture results from 30 ponies were compared to protected catheter brush (PCB) culture results obtained from the same ponies. The PCB procedure resulted in significantly fewer (P<0.05) isolates than those obtained by the TTA procedure and the PCB procedure resulted in significantly more samples with no bacteria growth than the TTA procedure. To address the possibility that the volume of tracheobronchial secretion obtained by PCB was insufficient as a microbiological sample, a sterile, double‐sheathed, protected aspiration catheter (PAC) was developed. Comparisons were made between TTA and PAC aerobic microbiology culture results from 18 pneumonic foals and weanlings. There were no significant differences between the PAC and TTA procedures with respect to the number of bacteria isolates. It was concluded that the PAC technique may be used as an alternative to TTA for isolation of equine pulmonary bacteria and may be the preferred procedure because of the reduced risk of complications associated with the TT

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technique described produced no detectable gross or histopathological lesions. Airway fluid accumulation was observed for up to 4 h post lavage. There was good qualitative correlation between BAL cytopathological and diffuse pulmonary pathological changes. The technique provided an accurate assessment of the presence and extent of exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY