ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03747.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03748.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn the late 1970s, a new infectious disease in horses, involving acute enteritis, was recognised in the Potomac River area of Maryland, U.S.A. The causative agent was identified subsequently as a new species of rickettsial organism, later namedEhrlichia risticii.Since then, the disease has been reported in many other states, and in enzootic areas vaccination is common. Signs associated with the clinical disease included depression, fever, anorexia, decreased or absent intestinal sounds, profuse watery diarrhoea and laminitis. However, considerable variation in clinical manifestations has been reported in both the natural and experimental disease. Accurate diagnosis depends on serological testing; currently, the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA) is used widely, although an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed recently. Mortality in untreated cases is 15 to 35 per cent. Antibiotics of the tetracycline series have shown activity against the organismin vitro, in anin vivomurine model and appear to be useful in clinical case

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA survey of 77 normal and 326 diarrhoeic foals in Britain and Ireland from 1987 to 1989 revealed a significantly higher prevalence of Group A rotaviruses andAeromonas hydrophilain diarrhoeic foals. The prevalence of cryptosporidia, potentially pathogenicEscherichia coli, Yersinia enterocoliticaandClostridium perfringenswas similar in normal or diarrhoeic foals. Rotaviruses had a similar prevalence in all age groups of scouring foals up to three months of age, with an overall prevalence of 37 per cent among diarrhoeic foals. The number of cases of diarrhoea varied considerably from year to year, but in all three years of the survey rotavirus was a significant pathogen. A comparison of diagnostic tests for rotavirus in the faeces showed electron microscopy (EM) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to have similar sensitivity. The Rotazyme ELISA test kit was found to have the same sensitivity as a combination of EM and PAGE.A. hydrophilahad an overall prevalence of 9 per cent among diarrhoeic foals, although its prevalence was higher in some age groups.A. hydrophilahas not been established previously as a significant enteric pathogen in foals. Other putative pathogens found at very low prevalence were coronavirus, the putative picobirnavirus,Campylobacterspp. andSalmonellaspp. No evidence was found of synergistic effects between rotavirus, cryptosporidia and potentially pathogenicE. coli.Neither coccidia nor non‐Group A rotaviruses were found in any of the samples examine

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCorrection factors have been determined to obtain the best estimates of PO2, PCO2and pH in equine blood with standard blood gas and pH electrodes. There was a significant difference between the PO2readings for tonometred blood of most horses and the equilibrating gas. Thus, if the PO2electrode is calibrated with a gas, an electrode correction factor should be obtained by tonometring a blood sample from each horse. This factor was not dependent on packed cell volume. No such correction is required for the PCO2electrode. If the animal's temperature differs from that of the analyser, the PO2, PCO2and pH values must be corrected to the animal's body temperature. Temperature correction factors determined for equine blood were similar to those for human blood. Failure to make temperature corrections can result in errors for PO2and PCO2of 6 to 7 per cent per degree of temperature difference.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryClinical radiographic (LM and D35L‐P1MO views), high detail radiographic, microangiographic and histological findings of the distal portion of the tarsus of 16 horses (five weanling, four young and six adult), without known clinical histories, were evaluated to determine the sensitivity of clinical radiographs for the detection of abnormalities in the distal tarsus and the prevalence of abnormalities in this population. Clinical radiographic and high detail radiographic abnormalities were observed in at least 30 per cent of the tarsi examined. Statistical agreement between observations from clinical radiographs and corresponding post mortem high detail radiographs was not good for subchondral bone plate irregularities and joint margin changes. Three patterns of sclerosis of the medullary spongiosa were visualised on high detail radiographs: thickening of the subchondral bone plate was seen commonly in the weanling group, whereas arching and bridging patterns were more prevalent in the young and adult groups. Bone production on the dorsal cortex of the central and third tarsal bones did not increase with age. Abnormalities in vascular perfusion and articular cartilage histology were observed in association with subchondral bone plate irregularities and focal regions of osteopenia observed on high detail radiograph

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFifty‐five horses were presented to Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1st of January 1980 and 31st of December 1989 for treatment of distal limb lacerations involving flexor tendons (n = 35) or extensor tendons (n = 20). Of the 35 flexor tendon lacerations, 11 horses were killed without treatment and 24 horses were treated. Twenty‐two horses were included in determining outcome. Four (18 per cent) returned to their original level of use, nine (41 per cent) returned to limited riding, seven (32 per cent) returned to breeding or pasture soundness and two (9 per cent) were killed. Eighteen of the 20 horses with extensor tendon lacerations underwent treatment and 15 had sufficient follow‐up to determine outcome. Seven (47 per cent) returned to their original or intended use, five (33 per cent) returned to limited use, one (7 per cent) was used for breeding and two (13 per cent) were killed. Results for horses with extensor tendon lacerations support previous reports that these injuries can be treated successfully. Results for horses having flexor tendon lacerations were better than in previous re

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis investigation examines the histological and ultrastructural lesions of the colonic mucosa during terminal experimental infarction and subsequent reperfusion. Four ponies were anaesthetised and subjected to surgical torsion of the colon. Biopsies were collected at hourly intervals for 3 h, at which point the torsions were corrected. Circulation was re‐established for 2 h and the bowel was re‐biopsied at hourly intervals. The ponies were killed while under anaesthesia. During the 3 h experimental infarction, the bowel became macroscopically thickened and dark purple. Histologically, the mucosa degenerated from Grade 0 to Grade 3. Ultrastructurally, there was progressive micro‐vascular distension with erythrodiapedesis and damage to the interstitial cells. Spaces developed between the bases and sides of the columnar epithelial cells and sloughing followed subsequently. During the 2 h reperfusion interval, the mucosa continued to degenerate rapidly to a Grade 5, and was characterised by extensive interstitial damage, oedema, cellular swelling, necrosis and mitochondrial damage. The results showed that the experimentally infarcted colonic mucosa degenerated sequentially. Following circulatory reestablishment, continued rapid mucosal degeneration characteristic of reperfusion injury occurred. Reperfusion injury is probably responsible, at least in part, for the often poor outcome of infarcted bowel in horses following surgical corre

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySignificant differences were detected by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) between horses racing successfully and those showing exercise intolerance. Neutrophil percentage, haemosiderophage percentage and total bacterial numbers were significantly elevated in horses with exercise intolerance. BAL provided a more accurate indication of the incidence and extent of exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) than visual inspection.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY