ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02542.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02543.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02544.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02545.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe value of radiology as part of an examination of the equine head is emphasised and the radiological appearances of more commonly occurring conditions are described. Even the normal anatomy of this complex site is subject to great variation and the aspiring radiologist should, therefore, have a good knowledge of the possible normal variations. A flexible approach must be used rather than a limitation to one or two ritual projections. The use of contrast media, wherever it might be useful, is advocated so that the maximum amount of information may be obtained from each examination. Finally, emphasis is laid on the fallibility of radiology when used in isolation and its use to complement other investigative procedures, such as endoscopy, is encouraged.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02546.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02547.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe clinical and post mortem features of 11 cases of lymphosarcoma involving the thoracic cavity are reviewed. The clinical findings included inappetence, weight loss, pectoral oedema, dyspnoea, pleural effusion and distension of the jugular veins. Dysphagia was present in three cases. At post mortem examination lesions were found in the abdomen as well as the chest in eight cases; clinical signs of abdominal disease were present in two cases. The features of nine other similar cases recorded in the literature are reviewed.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02548.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMuscle biopsies were taken from the middle gluteus muscle of 36 Standardbred horses. Twelve of the horses were inactive, while 24 were actively trained and raced. Twelve of the trained horses were moderate performers, with a mean racing time of 1 min 21 secs per km (741 m/min) and the other 12 were excellent performers, with a mean racing time of 1 min 16 secs per km (789 m/min). The percentage and mean area of Type I fibres were similar in all three groups of horses. Marked differences were found among the subgroups of Type II fibres. The well‐trained horses had a higher proportion of Type IIA fibres and a lower proportion of the Type IIB (58 per cent IIA and 15 per cent IIB fibres in the excellent performers; 49 per cent IIA and 26 per cent IIB in the moderate performers) than the inactive horses (41 per cent IIA and 35 per cent IIB fibres). The mean area of Type II fibres was smaller in the muscle of the active horses (excellent performers: IIA, 3075 μm2; IIB, 3378 μm2) moderate performers: IIA, 3185 μm2; IIB, 4252 μm2) than in that of the inactive ones (IIA, 3714 μm2; IIB, 5935 μm2). Intramuscular substrates (glycogen and triglycerides) and the activities of enzymes used as markers for the glycolytic potential of the muscle seemed to be similar in the three groups of horses, although there were large interindividual variation. Citrate synthase activity, representing oxidative potential, was higher in the active horses (excellent performers 91.6 μmol/g/min; moderate performers 74.4 μmol/g/min) than in the inactive ones (54.4 μmol/g/min). These results demonstrate the critical dependence of racing performance on the rate of aerobic energy production in the locomotor muscles; because the horses with the best racing times had the highest IIA:IIB ratio, the smallest Type II fibre areas and the greatest oxidative potential in the mus

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02549.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02550.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe skeletal muscle metabolism of horses with a wide range of cardiocirculatory capacities was studied during a standardised near‐maximal exercise test in relation to muscle fibre composition. Although the same amount of work was performed by all horses the amount of triglycerides and glycogen utilised and lactate accumulated differed widely. Both blood and muscle lactate accumulation were positively related to the amount of glycogen utilised. These factors were in turn positively associated with the percentage of Type IIB fibres and consequently negatively associated with the percentage of Type IIA fibres. The percentage of Type IIB fibres was negatively correlated to the activities of the oxidative enzymes citrate synthase and 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase and positively associated with the lactate dehydrogenase activity. The results indicate that the horses with a high proportion of Type IIB fibres had a lower muscle oxidative capacity and were, therefore, for energy production, more dependent upon glycolysis with subsequent lactate accumulation than horses which had a high proportion of Type IIA fibres. The different metabolic properties of the muscle fibre types indicate that the pattern of muscle fibre recruitment could have a significant effect on intramuscular substrate util

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY