ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAnalysis of data collected at racetracks showed that temperature, the diuretic drug, frusemide, exercise, temperature/exercise interaction and sex/age had significant (P<0.05) effects on pH and bicarbonate ion concentration (P<0.01). Sodium concentrations were significantly (P<0.001) affected by temperature and frusemide. We suggest that the normal range limits for blood sodium, bicarbonate and pH used in prerace testing procedures should be adjusted for ambient temperature and for horses given frusemide and/or prerace exercise. These adjustments should improve the precision of detecting illegal alkalogenic agents and incidence of false positive and false negative test results.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study involved a macroscopic evaluation of hoof quality in 152 Lipizzaner horses (130 from Austria and 22 from other countries) and a controlled double blind trial of the effects of biotin on hoof horn growth and quality over 19 months in 42 stallions from the Spanish Riding School (SRS) in Vienna. Using a grading system that incorporated evaluation of horn wall, white line, sole and frog, the macroscopic study revealed the following: 90% of the Austrian Lipizzaners had soft white lines and crumbling, fissured horn at the bearing border of the walls; 39% of the stallions of the SRS,>4‐years‐old, had medium to severe hoof horn changes. Daily administration of 20 mg biotin to a test group of horses (n=26) and a placebo to a control group (n=16) showed that after 9 months the test group had significantly improved compared to the beginning of the trial and the placebo group (P1000 ng/l. It was concluded that continuous dietary supplementation with biotin at a daily dose of 20 mg is indicated to improve and maintain hoof horn quality in horses with less than optimum quality h

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper represents the second part of a study searching for factors which could be responsible for an inferior hoof horn quality of the Lipizzaner horses of the Viennese Spanish Riding School (SRS) noticed in the late 1980s. It includes an evaluation of a treatment with biotin and 42 Lipizzaner horses were tested in a double blind study. The following parameters were evaluated: 1) the histology of the hoof horn in samples from the bearing border 2) the tensile strength of the coronary horn in bearing border samples and 3) the influence of biotin upon the histological changes and the tensile strength after application of 20 mg/day of biotin during 38 months. The histological alterations of bearing border specimens were assessed by use of a grading system (Grade 0= unchanged;Grade 1= slight changes;Grade 2= moderate changes;Grade 3= severe changes).Initially more than two thirds of the horses showed moderate to severe changes: microcracks visible in the transition from the middle to the inner zone of the coronary horn; separation of the sole from the coronary horn in the region within the white zone. The tensile strength of the coronary horn, with a mean of 39 N/mm2, was 13 N/mm2lower compared with the unchanged hooves of 10 Warmblood horses, which were investigated by Küng (1991). After 19 months of biotin treatment, the horn quality showed a small but significant improvement. This could be shown by comparing the histological tissue structure before and after treatment, as well as treated animals vs. a placebo group. However, all hooves still showed slight or middle grade changes at the time of the last examination. In tensile strength measurements made 33 and 38 months after the beginning of the trial, the biotin treated group had improved over the placebo group

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Equine Fatalities (CEPEF‐1) is an observational multi‐institutional prospective study of recovery outcome at 7 days post operatively, as called for by Steffey (1991). Data from 6,255 general anaesthetics (February 91‐March 93) were submitted confidentially by 62 clinics. The outcomes of 333 cases which were subjected to euthanasia and which were not classified ‘alive’ or ‘died’ at 7 days, were excluded from the analysis. The remaining 5922 cases were analysed to identify risk ratios (RR) between survivors and nonsurvivors for a variety of factors. These preliminary results indicate an overall death rate, for equine patients dying or being subjected to euthanasia within 7 days of a general anaesthetic because of perioperative complications, of 102/6255 (1.6%). This mortality rate decreased to 46/5220 (0.9%) when all colic surgery and delivery of foals under general anaesthesia were excluded.There was an increased risk for mares in the last trimester of pregnancy (RR=6.4). Patients undergoing emergency abdominal procedures (colic patients and pregnant mares undergoing controlled or caesarean section delivery of foals) under general anaesthesia were at increased risk (RR=12.9) compared to ear, nose and throat surgery. Within orthopaedic surgery, patients requiring internal fixation were at increased risk (RR=3.2) compared to those undergoing miscellaneous orthopaedic surgery. There was no difference in risk between breeds. Patients not placed in dorsal recumbency were at reduced risk (RR=0.3‐0.5) compared to those which were in dorsal recumbency. Lack of a sedative premedication and use of xylazine were associated with a RR of 6.2 and 2.1 respectively, compared to patients given only detomidine for sedative premedication. However, 90% of all induction regimes were at similar risk, except inhalation with halothane (RR=4.8) and guaiphenesin and ketamine combination (RR=4.3) compared to guaiphenesin and thiopentone combination. There was a reduction in risk for surgeries carried out in the last quarter of the year (RR=0.3), compared to surgery carried out in the first three‐quarters. Patients younger than 1‐week‐old (RR=20.6) and between 1‐week and 1‐month‐old (RR=4.3) and patients older than 12 years old (RR=3.1) were at increased risk, compared to patients age 2–4 years. The likelihood of death increased as the duration of anaesthesia increased beyond 61 min, with the greatest being operations lasting longer than 241 min (RR=7.6). Surgery performed outside of 0900–1700 h had increased risk, worst between 1801–2000 h (RR=9.9), compared to surgerie

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBiochemical markers of bone metabolism were analysed in serum samples obtained from 60 horses with no history of orthopaedic disease (age 3 months‐20 years). Serum levels of the carboxyterminal propeptide oftype Iprocollagen (PICP), a marker of bone formation and the pyridinoline cross linked telopeptide domain oftype Icollagen (ICTP), a putative marker of bone resorption, were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Serum levels of the bone specific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BALP), another marker of bone formation, were measured by a wheatgerm agglutinin affinity (WGA) method. Total alkaline phosphatase levels were also determined. Serum levels of PICP were significantly correlated with bone ALP (r=0.78, P<0.0001) and ICTP (r=0.87, P<0.0001). ICTP levels also correlated significantly with bone ALP (r=0.81, P<0.0001). However, total alkaline phosphatase did not correlate significantly with PICP, ICTP and BALP in horses over 1 year of age. There was an inverse correlation between serum levels of all biochemical markers and age of animals, with the most significant changes seen over the first 2 years. In animals less than 1 year of age, the reference ranges (mean ± s.d. 1.96) were as follows: PICP 1216–2666 μg/l, ICTP 13.8–26.7 μg/l, bone ALP 134–288 u/l and total ALP 223–498 u/l. In 2‐year‐olds, the equivalent reference ranges were: PICP 550–1472 μg/l, ICTP 7.96‐22.8 μg/l, bone ALP 32.7–125 u/l and total ALP 134–238 u/l. Assays for bone ALP and antigens that reflect collagen metabolism display significant potential as sensitive non invasive methods of evaluating bo

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySynovial fluid (SF) was collected at 2, 12 and 26 h post racing from 5 Thoroughbred horses (6 joints) with degenerative joint disease. The effects of serial arthrocentesis on SF TNFα levels were controlled for by testing, in parallel, site‐ and time‐matched samples from clinically normal horses (i.e. without arthritis). A significant induction in TNFα bioactivity was detected in SF from arthritic joints (compared to the control joints) over the 26 h following racing. After subtraction of values for the arthrocentesis control SF, TNFα and protein levels and WBC and mononuclear cell numbers each peaked at 12 h in the SF from the degenerative joints, although there were no statistically significant correlations between any of these parameters. The presence in the SF of TNFα, as well as immunoreactive IL‐1β and IL‐6, was confirmed through use of specific anti‐human cytokine IgG antibodies in neutralisation and slot‐blot radioimmunoassays. TNFβ was not detected in the SF by slot‐blot radioimmunoassay. These results suggest that a significant increase in intra‐articular TNFα occurs during acute inflammatory arthritis in horses. The lack of correlation between infiltrating inflammatory cells and SF TNFα levels further suggests that the source of TNFα may be resident cells of the joint, as opposed to infiltrating cells found within the joint fluids. SF from clinically normal and arthritic joints of racing and hospitalised horses were also screened for bioactive TNFα. No statistically significant differences were found in the TNFα levels of the normal (29.46 ± 3.15 u/ml) vs. degenerative (21.64 ± 3.39 u/ml) joints, although significant elevations were noted in the arthritic joints for SF protein levels and WBC and RBC counts. However, when grouped by arthropathy, there were significant differences from normal in the SF TNFα levels in cases of synovitis and ma

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe urinary GGT/urinary creatinine (uGGT/uCR) ratio was measured on Days 1, 3 and 10 in 4 adult, healthy horses; in 6 adult, healthy horses treated with gentamicin at recommended dosages and 9 adult horses treated for pleuropneumonia with gentamicin at recommended dosages. Plasma creatinine and gentamicin trough concentrations were measured on the same days. The uGGT/uCr ratio was higher in the normal horses (mean ± s.d. 22.85 ± 13.69) than previously reported normal values (10.5 ± 6.8) (Adams and McClure 1985). Analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to compare the ratio in the 3 groups while controlling for the effect of time. Sick horses had a significantly higher uGGT/uCr ratio than either of the 2 groups of normal horses. Both groups of horses that were treated with gentamicin had similar percentage increases in uGGT/uCr ratio over the treatment period with the most marked increases found between treatment Days 1 and 3. The increase in uGGT/Cr ratio was predominantly a result of an increase in uGGT activity rather than a decrease in uCr concentration. The increase in uGGT activity and uGGT/uCr ratio occurred without abnormalities in serum creatinine or gentamicin trough concentrations. These findings demonstrate that urine GGT activity and uGGT/uCr ratio should be expected to increase in response to gentamicin therapy at recommended dosages without measurable changes in serum creatinine. This suggests that an elevation of the uGGT/uCr ratio in horses being treated with gentamicin would not necessarily require changes in, or withdrawal of, the gentamicin treatment as long as increases in the plasma creatinine do not exceed 0.3 g/l and gentamicin trough concentrations are<2 μ

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY