ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02786.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe paper describes the outcome of 16 cases of short ileal‐ileal intussusception in young Thoroughbred horses. The intussusception was often associated with chronic or intermittent low grade abdominal pain. At laparotomy, only the intussusception was reduced in one horse; in another, a myotomy of the thickened stenosed intussusception was carried out after reduction. In 11 cases an ileocaecal bypass anastomosis was performed proximal to the intussusception after its reduction. One horse was subjected to euthanasia during operation because of irreversible intestinal wall damage and another because of intestinal rupture. One foal had a cardiac arrest following reduction of the intussusception. One horse was subjected to euthanasia 4 months post‐operatively because of intractable abdominal pain caused by intestinal adhesions. Although several horses suffered episodes of postoperative abdominal pain, and 2 were subjected to a second laparotomy, 12 horses made an eventual complete recov

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02787.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe objective was to evaluate the nutritive value of short‐cutting cycle, high temperature‐dried (SCCHTD) alfalfa compared to timothy hay. This was achieved by carrying out 4 times 4 Latin Square digestibility trial using 4 Thoroughbred (one three‐quarter Thoroughbred) horses (mean liveweight, 531 kg). The four dietary treatments were 0AA (timothy hay only), 33AA (0.33 alfalfa: 0.67 timothy hay), 67AA (0.67 alfalfa: 0.33 timothy hay) and 100AA (alfalfa only). Digestibility data were obtained by using acid‐insoluble ash to estimate apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Kate of passage of the feedstuff was determined using chromium‐mordanted hay. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were estimated. The digestibilities of organic matter (0.63), energy (0.57) and crude protein (0.74) of the alfalfa were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those for the hay (0.45, 0.43 and 0.36 respectively). The fibre components of alfalfa and hay were digested to the same extent but the ether extract of alfalfa was less well digested. Alfalfa saponins had no consistently significant effects on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride values but may contribute to the negative digestibility of alfalfa ether extract. We conclude that SCCHTD alfalfa is of much higher nutritive value than timothy hay when fed to Thoroughbr

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02788.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe records of 200 colic episodes, collected prospectively, over a two year period, from first opinion cases, were analysed and compared with a control sample selected at random from the same population. Analysis by colic type revealed 72% spasmodic/undiagnosed; 7% surgical; 5.5% flatulent; 5% pelvic flexure impactions; 9.5% other impactions and 1% colitis. A possible predisposing cause was identified in 43% of the spasmodic/undiagnosed cases. The total incidence of colic in each age group showed no statistically significant differences from the control population. Stallions were significantly under represented in the colic population. When compared with the control sample the number of spasmodic/undiagnosed colic cases in the 5–10‐year‐old group and the number of surgical colics in the over 15‐year‐old group were significantly greater than expected. No statistically significant correlation was found when the seasonal incidence of colic was compared with monthly temperature, change in monthly temperature, monthly rainfall, and rainfall weighted for te

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02789.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThere is considerable debate regarding the ergogenic effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on racing performance in horses. Anecdotal evidence suggests that NaHCO3improves performance by increasing the buffering capacity of the blood and delaying the onset of hydrogen ion‐induced fatigue. In a cross‐over study, 16 Thoroughbred racehorses were given an aqueous solution of NaHCO3(0.4 g/kg in 1 litre H2O) or a control treatment (1 litre H2O) before a 1600‐m race. Treatments were administered 3 h before the race, which was the time to peak buffering capacity (2.5‐3.0 h) determined in a separate study. Before the race, there was a significant increase in venous HCO3−and pH in the NaHCO3‐treated horses. After the race, there was a significant increase in venous blood pH and lactate in the NaHCO3‐treated horses. Collectively, the data suggest an improved buffering capacity of the blood after NaHCO3treatment. However, there was no change in race times or venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the administration of NaHCO3provided no ergogenic benefit to horses competing in a

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02790.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe presence, in equine synovial fluid, of inhibitors of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) activity has been investigated by means of an assay involving IL‐1‐mediated production of PGE2by synovial cells. Inhibitors of IL‐1α and IL‐1β were identified in normal synovial fluid and synovial fluid from two horses with early joint disease. Inhibitors of IL‐1α were also present in synovial fluid from two horses with long‐standing joint disease. However, IL‐1β inhibitory activity was not present in fluid from the horses with more chronic joint disease. The effect appeared to be specific for IL‐1, and not a direct action on PGE2production, as synovial fluid had no effect on lipopolysaccharide‐mediated PGE2production. It is suggested that the inhibitory activity may be involved physiologically in the control of IL‐1 activity in the joint, and the loss of IL‐1 inhibition may be at least as important biologically as

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02791.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe tube‐in‐tube technique for the functional separation of the lungs in intact anaesthetised adult horses is based on fibre‐optic‐guided left‐sided endobronchial intubation avoiding tracheostomy. It facilitates a valid separation of the two lungs despite variability in bronchial and carinal anatomy. No clinical complications that could be related to its use have

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02792.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe dose of aerosol pirbuterol that could be administered safely to ponies (weight approximately 200 kg) was determined by observation for sweating, trembling and excitement and measurement of heart and respiratory rates during cumulative administration of the drug. Sweating, trembling and excitement were first observed following a dose of 2,400 μg and became more severe at 3,200 μg. These effects were accompanied by an increase in heart rate but not a change in respiratory rate. When 3200 μg was administered without prior administration of lower doses, side effects were trivial. This dose was therefore tested for its bronchodilator activity. Pulmonary function was evaluated in ponies that developed airway obstruction (‘heaves’) when housed in a barn and fed hay. Measurements were made when ponies were in clinical remission (Period A) and during an acute attack of airway obstruction (Period B). At Period A, pirbuterol had no effect on pulmonary function. Barn housing increased pulmonary resistance and decreased dynamic compliance. At Measurement Period B, pirbuterol administration significantly reduced pulmonary resistance and increased dynamic compliance and minute ventilation. These changes were significant 5 min after drug administration and lasted for the 30 min duration of the study. Vehicle administration had no effect on pulmonary function. It was concluded that aerosol pirbuterol has few undesirable side effects and is an effective bronchodilator in ponies with recurrent airway obstr

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02793.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe horses studied were of the Swiss Warmblood breed and most were ELA‐typed to assess a possible association of dermal hypersensitivy to insect bites with the major histocompatibility complex.Firstly, the occurrence of the condition was examined in 304 half‐siblings sired by six stallions (A to F). Fourteen cases of dermal hypersensitivity were recognized and all were in the 153 offspring of Stallions C, E and F. Most animals of this group were also investigated for chronic hypersensitivity bronchitis: none of the sires displayed clinical signs of dermal hypersensitivity, but Stallions D, E and F were affected by chronic bronchitis. Among the animals investigated for both conditions only one horse showed coincidence of the two diseases as can be expected when the diseases are not correlated. The frequency of manifest dermal hypersensitivity and/or chronic hypersensitivity bronchitis varied in the half‐sibling groups of individual sires. These findings suggest that the allergic conditions are independent entities.Secondly, the occurrence of dermal hypersensitivity was studied in three generations of horses at a stud at which Stallion C had exerted a particularly strong influence. A total of 302 animals, all born and raised at this stud, were surveyed over a period of 12 years. The descendants of Stallion C showed a significantly higher incidence (P<0.01) of dermal hypersensitivity (two daughters out of 19; eight second generation offspring out of 103; one third generation offspring out of 85) than did the controls of the same age classes but unrelated to Stallion C at the same stud (0 out of 95). In this group the predisposition was not associated with the ELA antigens of Stallion C.Thirdly, the pedigrees and the ELA‐haplotypes of eight affected half‐siblings by Stallion F were studied more closely. The predisposition in these horses was associated with the paternal haplotype A3,W23. Four multiple‐case families were studied separately. One sire (G) produced nine affected offspring out of 22 out of four clinically healthy dams. The dams, however, were descendants from Stallion C and they produced four unaffected foals by other sires. The paternal ELA‐haplotype, A15,W23, segregated (with one exception) coupled with the predisposition to the affection. Stallion G and the dams were born, raised and kept at the same stud as their offspring.Based on these findings, we suggest that certain animals can transfer hereditary susceptibility for dermal hypersensitivity due to insect bites to their offspring. In different families the ELA class II specificity W23 segregated with the susceptibility. A gene or genes of the major histocompatibility complex appeared to play a role in some families as well as a gene or genes outside the MHC. Therefore we suggest that insect bite dermal hypersensitivity is a multifactorial disease, including hereditary and environmental factors in its

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02794.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY