ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryShort term anaesthesia induced with xylazine and ketamine was compared to a combination of xylazine, ketamine and temazepam (a benzodiazepine) in six adult horses. Duration of recumbency was significantly prolonged when temazepam was administered with xylazine and ketamine. No significant differences in heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure or arterial pH, pCO2and pO2were seen between the xylazine and ketamine combination plus temazepam, and xylazine and ketamine combination only treated horses.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPost operative ileus (POI) is a common and serious complication of colic surgery in the horse. There is a high correlation between the incidence of POI and the presence of ischaemic bowel, suggesting a role for endotoxin. 0.1μg/kg endotoxin was administered intravenously to six ponies with chronically implanted gastrointestinal electromechanical recording devices. It produced profound disruption of normal fasting bowel motility patterns, with an inhibition of gastric contraction amplitude and rate, left dorsal colon contraction product and small colon spike rate. In the small intestine an increase in abnormally arranged regular activity and a decrease in irregular activity was observed. There was no significant prolongation in stomach to anus transit time as assessed by the passage of plastic spheres. The bowel motility patterns induced by endotoxin could be mimicked by the intravenous infusion of PGE2and less potently by PGI2(prostacyclin), but not by PGF2α. This study provides evidence that systematic endotoxin present in clinical cases of colic may play a role in the pathogenesis of equine ileus. The acute effects of endotoxin on bowel motility appear to be mediated indirectly by prostaglandins, and the inhibitory effects may be mediated mainly by PGE

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of intravenous (iv) infusion of endotoxin for 60 mins at a cumulative dosage of 0.03 μg/kg bodyweight on systemic arterial, right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures, heart rate, cardiac output, and derived pulmonary vascular resistance and total peripheral vascular resistance were compared to the effects of iv infusion of saline solution in four healthy horses. Heart rate was increased significantly after endotoxin infusion, although diastolic arterial pressure, systolic arterial pressure, electronically averaged arterial pressure, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and right atrial pressure did not change significantly. Average pulmonary arterial pressure was increased significantly by endotoxin infusion. This was accompanied by a trend toward increased diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure (P=0.1), systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (P=0.08) and pulmonary vascular resistance (P=0.07). These results suggest that low dosages of endotoxin produce pulmonary hypertension without causing hypotensive, hypodynamic shock

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe formation of cranial thoracic masses (CTM) as a sequel to infectious pleuropneumonia is described. Using ultrasound, masses were diagnosed subjectively as abscesses or loculations. Eight of 99 cases with pleuropneumonia had CTM. Clinical signs associated with the presence of a CTM included increased heart rate, jugular distention, forelimb ‘pointing’ and caudal displacement of the heart. Techniques used for diagnostic ultrasonographic examination of the cranial thorax are described. Five of the eight horses with CTM responded to conservative medical management; the other three required percutaneous drainage of the mass to relieve worsening signs of cardiac decompensation. Improvements in cardiovascular parameters were evident within 12 h of drainage. The indications for and limitations of invasive drainage of cranial thoracic masses are discus

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryClinical, ultrasonographic and radiographic features of proximal suspensory desmitis in the forelimb and the hindlimb are described. Acute cases may present with slight, localised, oedematous swelling, heat, distension of the medial palmar (plantar) vein and/or pain, whereas chronic cases or those rested immediately after onset of lameness usually have no detectable clinical signs suggestive of the source of pain. In these cases local analgesia is required to identify pain in the proximal metacarpal (metatarsal) region. Transverse ultrasonographic images of the suspensory ligament usually yield the most information and a variety of abnormalities of the proximal suspensory ligament have been identified including i) enlargement ii) poor definition of one or more of the margins of the suspensory ligament, especially dorsally iii) a well circumscribed, central hypoechoic area iv) one or more poorly defined hypoechoic areas, central or more peripheral v) a larger area of diffuse decrease in echogenicity (such lesions were seen most commonly in the hindlimb and appeared to warrant a more guarded prognosis than focal lesions). Radiographic abnormalities were identified in hindlimbs more often than in forelimbs and were usually seen in a dorsopalmar (dorsoplantar) view, and/or a lateromedial projection. Radiographic abnormalities included sclerosis of the trabeculae, a change in orientation of the trabeculae and entheseophyte formation. The most extensive radiographic abnormalities were seen together with an ultrasonographic type v lesion. The prognosis for return to full athletic function and sustained future soundness was better for forelimbs than hindlimbs, especially if the lesion, identified ultrasonographically, resolved.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe walking cast was used to repair 46 fractures of long bones (distal radius and tibia, metacarpus and metatarsus) and 10 fractures of first phalanx of 35 horses and 21 ponies. The walking cast proved to be highly effective. Even heavily comminuted and ‘hopeless' fractures, which could not be treated with osteosynthesis, were treated successfully, because the weight of the animal, a common failure factor in large animal orthopaedics, was relieved from the injured leg. Immediate full weight bearing was possible post operatively. In five cases the walking cast was used in combination with osteosynthesis. Infection was the main complication that caused the walking cast to fail. Osteomyelitis may also be treated with a walking cast. Because of its success rate of 57 per cent, which is impressive, considering the type of fractures treated, we recommend the walking cast for international accreditatio

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY