ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTopical cyclosporine A was safely used in a series of 11 cases of equine keratitis and keratouveitis and appeared to be an effective anti‐inflammatory agent in 9 cases. The clinical diagnoses included interstitial keratouveitis, endotheliitis, multifocal punctate keratopathy and a melting stromal ulcer. In most cases, the presence or absence of insidious bacterial infection was not conclusively determined. Topical cyclosporine A had no deleterious effects in this series of cases. The authors suggest that topical cyclosporine in both aqueous and lipid base vehicles should be investigated and evaluated as an alternative mode of achieving ocular immunosuppressio

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary15‐hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) is the critical enzyme that determines metabolism of primary prostaglandins. Its expression is determined in part by steroid hormones, particularly progesterone, formed from Δ5steroids through 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) activity. To assess whether the regulation of PGDH might occur in a paracrine, autocrine or intracrine fashion, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the localisation of key steroidogenic enzymes in the equine placenta and compared these patterns to the distribution of immunoreactive (IR‐) PGDH. Placental tissue was obtained from pony or Thoroughbred mares at about Days 150, 250–280 and>300 of pregnancy (term 320–360 days; n=5–8 each group). IR‐PGDH, 3β‐HSD, cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and 17‐hydroxylase/lyase (P450c17) were localised using specific antibodies and the avidin‐biotin peroxidase technique and visualised using diaminobenzidine as substrate. IR‐P450sccwas present in trophoblast cells, but not in maternal tissues of the microcotyledons or elsewhere in the endometrium. Specific staining for P450C17was not detected in either maternal or fetal tissues at any stage of gestation studied. IR‐3β‐HSD was present in trophoblast cells, but not in maternal tissues of the microcotyledons. In contrast, at Days 150 and 280, IR‐PGDH was present in maternal epithelial and interstitial cells in the microcotyledons, but was not detected in trophoblast epithelium, chorioallantois or endometrial glands. After Day 300, IR‐PGDH was present in the maternal epithelium and interstitial cells of the placenta and it was also present in trophoblast cells in some specimens. We conclude that the equine placenta has the enzymes necessary to produce C21Δ4steroids from C27Δ5substrates in trophoblast cells by Day 150 of gestation. The localisation of these enzymes is compatible with paracrine regulation of PGDH by products of 3β‐HSD activity for most of pregnancy, although autocrine or intracrine regulation of placental

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to measure 3β‐HSD activity in the equine placenta and to assess the effect of fetal and maternal blood plasma progestagens on 3β‐HSD activityin vitro.3β‐HSD activity was measured in 8 late gestation (collected by caesarian section at 250 to 320 days) and 7 term (collected at birth) equine placentae using a tritium release assay with [3α‐3H] pregnenolone as substrate. Mean ± s.d. Kmappand Vmaxfor term placentae were in general higher than for late gestation placentae (0.129 ± 0.217 μmol/l and 23.85 ± 9.1 nmol/mg/h respectively vs. 0.016 ± 0.048 μmol/l and 17.36 ± 20.9 nmol/mg/h) but there was no statistical difference between them. Inhibition studies were performed on 3 term placentae and 3 late gestation ones. Steroid concentrations used for inhibition studies were close to blood plasma concentrations (0.5 to 2 μmol/l). 3β‐hydroxy compounds (5α‐pregnane‐3β, 20β‐diol, 5α‐pregnane‐3β, 20α‐diol and 3β‐hydroxy‐5α‐pregnan‐20‐one) showed noncompetitive or mixed inhibition. Mean Kiappranged from 0.47 μmol/l to 1.55 μmol/l. Noncompetitive inhibition was found for 5‐pregnene‐3β,20β‐diol with a mean Kiappof 0.7 μmol/l. Inhibition was competitive with 20α‐hydroxy‐5α‐pregnan‐3‐one with a mean Kiappof 0.1 μmol/l. Progesterone was found to be a weak noncompetitive inhibitor of equine 3β‐HSD actitvity (mean Kiapp=1.2 umol/l) and no consistent inhibitory action was found with 5α‐pregnane‐3,20‐dione.These data demonstrate that a marked inhibition of 315‐HSD activity is caused by 5‐pregnenes and 5α‐pregnanes in the range of blood plasma concentrations in the pregnant mare. It is probable that a cumulative effect of these compounds could lead to a further decrease in the e

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwenty‐four horses with ultrasonographic evidence of tendonitis of the deep digital flexor tendon in the metacarpal/metatarsal region were seen over a 7 year period. Most horses had mild to moderate lameness and distension of the digital flexor tendon sheath in the affected limb. Intrasynovial analgesia of the digital flexor tendon sheath consistently improved the degree of lameness. Ultrasonography most commonly revealed small, distinct, often circular, focal hypoechoic areas within the deep digital flexor tendon which usually extended less than 1 cm proximodistally. The degree of lameness and swelling generally improved with box rest and controlled exercise, however, exacerbation of the clinical signs and ultrasonographic lesions was common when affected horses were returned to work or allowed free exercise at pasture. Of 24 cases, only 7 horses made a full recovery and returned to their intended athletic activit

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA randomised double blind and placebo controlled clinical study was carried out. Standardbred trotters (n=77, age 3–4 years) with moderate to severe lameness were grouped according to number of affected joints and, within each group, were randomised for treatment with polysulphated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG), sodium hyaluronate (SH) or placebo for 3 weeks. The horses were inspected weekly with a final examination 2–4 weeks after the end of treatment.Mean initial lameness score was significantly reduced during treatment and at the last examination in all 3 groups (P<0.01). Additionally, the prevalence of sound horses increased significantly from 1 to 3 weeks of treatment and to the last examination in all 3 groups (P≤0.03). Comparison of the 2 treatment groups with regard to development of the lameness curve and time until soundness indicated a small, non significant difference in favour of SH. No significant difference was detected between the 2 treatment groups in the prevalences or cumulative incidence of soundness. The study detected a superior effect of the 2 drugs compared with placebo for reduction in lameness score during the treatment period (P=0.03) and the total study period (P<0.01), time until soundness (P=0.04) and the prevalence of sound horses at the last examination (P<0.01). All 3 treatments affected traumatic arthritis in horses, but the SH and PSGAG gave better results Than the pl

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA descriptive and matched case‐control study of laminitis was conducted in 7 private practices and at the Texas Veterinary Medical Centre (TVMC) between May 1992 and July 1993. Out of 108 horses with laminitis, 19 acute (49%) and 20 chronic (51%) cases were seen in private practice and 16 acute (23%) and 53 chronic (77%) cases at the TVMC. Gastrointestinal disease was the most common problem in 19/35 horses (54%), occurring just prior to the onset of acute laminitis in all hospitals. Among all horses in the study, most commonly used drugs were phenylbutazone (68%), acepromazine (34%), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) (27%), antibiotics of various types (19%) and flunixin meglumine (19%). Acepromazine, DMSO and flunixin meglumine were used more commonly in acute cases of laminitis compared to chronic cases. In acutely affected horses, DMSO and flunixin meglumine were used significantly more often at the TVMC. In chronic cases, phenylbutazone and antibiotics were used more often in private practice. Shoeing and trimming were more commonly part of the treatment protocol for chronic cases. There were no significant associations between age, breed, sex or weight and the occurrence of acute laminitis. Horses with chronic laminitis were significantly older (P=0.04) and more females tended to be affected (P=0.08

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe stability of relationships between harem stallions and mares (consort relations) was investigated and the durations ofinter partumintervals were determined in order to establish if there was any correlation between the stability of consort relation and reproductive success of mares in Misaki feral horses. Thirty‐four mares were observed continuously for more than 5 years. The lifetime stability was 80–100% (mean 92.4%) for 16 mares, 60–79% (mean 70.4%) for 10 mares and 0–59% (mean 27.9%) for 8 mares. The continuous length (years) of specific consort relations was 2–10 years and was found to correlate significantly with lifetime stability. There was a significant positive correlation of lifetime stability with lifetime reproductive success for 34 mares observed, and the correlation was higher when the data of 8 wandering mares (<60% in lifetime stability) were omitted. The mean ± s.d. delivery interval of 25 stable mares was 364.5 ± 11.0 days, whereas that of 8 unstable mares and stable mares who changed stallions was 387.0 ± 40.2 days. There was a significant difference between delivery intervals of stable and unstable mares. Significant correlations between the stability of consort relations and both the foaling rates and delivery intervals suggest that mares may obtain major reproductive advantages if they maintain long term and stable consort relations with a particular stallion throughout their reproducti

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY