ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA greater knowledge of the effect of management factors is required to investigate the ontogeny of abnormal behaviour in the stabled horse. A postal survey of racehorse (flat) trainers yielded information about 22 yard and management factors. The relationship of the factors to the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was analysed by logistic regression. Management factors related to the time spent in the stable showed the strongest associations with stereotypic behaviour. The risk of horses performing abnormal behaviour increased: 1) as the amount of forage fell below 6.8 kg/day, 2) when bedding types other than straw were used, 3) when the total number of horses on the yard was fewer than 75, 4) in association with box designs that minimised contact between neighbouring horses, 5) when hay, rather than other types of forage, was used.

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThere is confusion in the veterinary literature concerning the definition of oral based stereotypies in the horse. This study reports the use of fluoroscopy and endoscopy during crib‐biting/wind‐sucking in afflicted horses. This permitted observations of movements of the pharyngeal and oesophageal tissues and of the air column within during the stereotypic behaviour. The findings reported show that the sequence of events during crib‐biting/wind‐sucking is not related to deglutition and that air is not swallowed to the stomach. Transient dilation of the upper oesophagus was recorded and the characteristic noise of wind‐sucking coincided with the in‐rush of air through the cricopharynx. The oesophageal distension was relieved when the air returned to the pharynx although small quantities passed caudally. It is proposed that the role of contraction of the strap muscles of the neck is to create a pressure gradient in the soft tissues surrounding the oesophagus which provokes movement of air from the pharynx into the oesophagus. The findings suggest that the definitions currently used in the sale of horses are in need

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper describes the clinical and radiological features, surgical techniques used and results obtained in 6 horses with fractures of the tibial tuberosity. The horses were presented between 24 h and 8 weeks following injury. In all 6 cases, the fragments were displaced proximocranially and in 2 of these, there was comminution. Four were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using an AO/ASIF narrow dynamic compression plate and in 2 cases the fragments were removed. All horses returned to full athletic function and remained sound in follow‐up times of 17–36 months. Implant removal was necessary in 1 c

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryExercise in normal human subjects causes deterioration of matching of ventilation to blood flow in the lungs, but only in about 50% of those examined. A previous study (Wagneret al. 1989) of 5 horses showed no significant worsening of ventilation/blood flow (V̇a/Q̇) relationships during heavy exercise as determined by multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Because of the small number of horses in that study and the 50% human incidence of exercise induced V̇a/Q̇ mismatch, we studied an additional 6 Thoroughbreds, comparing V̇a/Q̇ relationships at the walk (1.4 m/s, 0oincline) and during galloping (9.6 ± 0.3 m/s, 7% incline). Such data were collected under 4 different conditions wherein inspired gas was 1) air, 2) 21% O2in helium, 3) 15% O2in N2and 4) 15% O2in helium. Each horse exercised 4 times (morning and afternoon of 2 days, with inspired gas conditions randomised). There was a small but significant increase in V̇a/Q̇ mismatch (similar under all 4 conditions). The second moment of the V̇a/Q̇ distribution (determined by the MIGET) increased significantly (P<0.01) from 0.31 ± 0.01 at the walk to 0.38 ± 0.02 during gallop. This increase however is small: 0.38 is well within the range of this parameter for normal human subjects (where the 95% upper confidence limit is 0.60). This study shows that a small amount of exercise induced V̇a/Q̇ mismatch can occur in the horse as in man, but the mechanism remains to be elucidated and its clinical significance remains to be established. It may reflect interstitial pulmonary oedema but effects on arterial oxygenati

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe distribution of inspired gas to each lung, time constants of the lungs and parameters of gas exchange were studied in 2 groups of horses (mean bwt 606 kg), anaesthetised using thiopentone and chloral hydrate and breathing room air. One group (n=4) had a downward curved abdominal contour (round‐bellied) and the other group (n=4) had an upward curved abdominal contour (flat‐bellied). An equal distribution of inspired gas between the lungs existed in both groups in dorsal recumbency. Flat‐bellied horses maintained this equal distribution in lateral recumbency whereas in round‐bellied horses an uneven distribution of tidal volume (VT) developed. The percentage of (VT) distributed to the dependent lung was 23% and 38% for left and right lateral recumbency respectively. The distribution of VTagreed with the ratio of time constants of the lungs in flat‐bellied horses but differed markedly from this ratio in round‐bellied horses suggesting that, in the latter, factors other than compliance and resistance play a role in distribution of ventilation. Round‐bellied horses had a lower PaO2and a larger (A‐a)PaO2than flat‐bellied horses in all body positions. The results are compatible with the known hypothesis that pressure exerted by abdominal contents on the dependent lung and diaphragm is an important factor in ventilation/perfusion mismatch of the an

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOne hundred and fifteen horses with periocular tumours were treated with iridium‐192 interstitial brachytherapy. Tumours included squamous cell carcinomas (n=52) and sarcoids (n=63). All horses were scheduled to receive 60 Gy (minimal tumour dose) given at a low dose rate (0.034 ± 0.010 Gy/h). The mean and median follow‐up times to last contact or death were 24 and 16 months, respectively. Chronic radiation reactions included palpebral fibrosis (10.4%), cataract (7.8%), keratitis and corneal ulceration (6.9%). Cosmetic changes included permanent epilation (21.7%) and hair dyspigmentation (78.3%). The one year progression‐free survival (PFS) rates for sarcoids and carcinomas were 86.6% and 81.8% and the 5 year PFS rates were 74.0% and 63.5%, respectively. The horse age and sex, histopathological type, anatomical subsite and classification (WHO T1‐3) were included in the analysis of prognostic factors. The only significant prognostic factor that independently affected PFS time was the WHO T‐classification (P=0.009, relative risk=0.85). When compared to horses with T1 lesions, horses with T2 and T3 lesions had 1.8‐fold and 3.4‐fold increased risks, respectively, for tumour recurrence (relative excess risk). The one year PFS rates for T1, T2 and T3 lesions were 95.2%, 89.5% and 66.2%, respectively. The 5 year PFS rates were 72.2%, 74.0% and 53.1%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that irradiation is an effective treatment option for horses with T1‐2 lesions and should be part of a combined treatment modality for horses

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThirty eight horses with epiglottal entrapment were examined. In 29 the dorsally displaced mucosa was split axially with a curved hook knife,per nasum. The condition was also treated by subepiglottal mucosal resection (4 horses) and solely by the administration of an anti‐inflammatory throat spray (4 horses). All surgical cases were treated with an anti‐inflammatory throat spray and parenteral phenylbutazone. Those horses treated via a laryngotomy incision were box rested until the laryngotomy incision healed. The other horses were restricted to walking and trotting exercise for 10 days before endoscopic re‐assessment. If the condition had resolved by this stage the horse was then returned to full exercise. Epiglottal entrapment was alleviated in 22 horses treated by axial section but it recurred in 4 and 3 cases were lost to follow up. Two of 4 cases were treated successfully but mucosal resection and 2 of 4 cases by Nd:YAG laser. Three out of the 4 horses treated medically also recovered. Of the 38 horses, 6 required a second operation and 2 had a third surgical procedure. Of the horses treated by axial section of the displaced mucosa, 14 ran successfully without a respiratory sound or obstruction and 4 won races.In conclusion, using the hook knife inserted via the nasal passages offers a safe, relatively inexpensive and successful method of treating epiglottal entra

ISSN:0425-1644    

DOI:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY