摘要:

Abstract –Incisal and cuspal teeth from red deers 2½–6½ yr of age were used in this study. Incident light microscopy was used for screening of the specimens with respect to presence of orifices and exposures of giant tubules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for study of structural details. For SEM the specimens were pretreated with a 1% solution of NaCIO for 2 or 20 h. One specimen was in addition exposed to a 35% solution of phosphoric acid for 30 s. Two teeth received no pretreatment. Many incisal/occlusal exposures of giant tubules were more or less blocked by a dense, probably mineralized, substance, whereas others were filled with spherical bodies, probably microorganisms. The walls of the pulpal chambers and root canals revealed an abundance of orifices of giant tubules. They were funnel‐shaped with circular or oblong pulpal outlines, the diameters of which in untreated specimens ranged from 15 to

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00891.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –Labial salivary glands of 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and those of 25 control patients were examined by the ANAE (acid α‐naphthyl acetate esterase) technique to determine the percentages of B‐ and T‐lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes (MPS cells). Using monoclonal antibodies (OKT3 for all T cells, OKT4 for helper/inducer T cells, OKT6 for thymocytes, and OKT8 for suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) T cell subsets were enumerated. B‐ lymphocytes predominated in both series of salivary glands, and the percentages of B and T cells were equal in both series. The absolute cell counts in the salivary glands of rheumatics were significantly higher (P<0.001) than in those of healthy controls. The number of OKT4+cells was increased in rheumatics, leading to an elevated OKT4+/OKT8+ratio when compared with that in controls (P<0.01). The results suggest that the basic phenomenon behind the B cell hyperactivity noticed in rheumatics might be due to increased activity of T helper cells rather than reduced number of T suppressor cells, which were shown to remain almost unaffected in the salivary glands of patients with rheumatoid

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00892.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –In the present in vitro study, scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that human neutrophils are able to phagocytize Treponema denticola cells. Two major modes of particle engulfment were detected, both of which seemed unaffected by opsonization or atmosphere (aerobic or anaerobic). The occasional finding of rather intact treponemes as long as 2 h after onset of the phagocytosis experiment, suggested that digestion could be a relatively slow process. Expulsion of digested material from the phagolysosomes to the extracellular space seemed to occur via channel‐like structures in the neutrophil cytopl

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00893.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –Secretion rate and buffer effect of resting and stimulated whole saliva, and number of lactobacilli and S. mutans in stimulated whole saliva were determined for 182 subjects, of whom 109 were cigarette smokers. For secretion rate, no difference between smokers and non‐smokers was observed. The median buffer effect was significantly lower in smokers. The median numbers of lactobacilli and S. mutans were significantly higher in saliva of smokers. The number of lactobacilli was significantly correlated with number of cigarettes smoked per day. About 40% of the smokers had 106S. mutans CFU/ml, which was more than twice that of non‐smokers. In a complementary study on 20 smokers, the immediate influence of cigarette smoking on secretion rate and buffer effect of stimulated whole saliva was investigated for 1 h after smoking. No significant effect was

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00894.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –The change of viscosity with time following alteration of pH was studied in five protein fractions isolated from human parotid saliva. The results indicate that sudden pH changes may cause rapid charge alterations leading to shock‐like expansion or compression of the molecules. This quick reaction seems to be followed by more slowly proceeding conformational alterations probably involving folding, intermingling, and other types of chain interactions. The content of proline residues may influence the rate and extent of such conformational chan

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –The viscosity of human whole saliva and six salivary protein fractions was studied at different pH levels in the presence and absence of calcium. Changes in pH significantly influenced the viscosity of whole saliva, and centrifugation and filtration removed one of the viscous components. Calcium depletion made the viscosity particularly susceptible to acidification. The protein fractions were obtained from pooled parotid saliva by ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography procedures. Except for a glycoprotein, these fractions generally exhibited the lowest viscosity in the pH region around their isoelectric points. Calcium generally increased the viscosity of these protein

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –The effect of smoking habit on flow rate, pH and lactobacillus and yeast counts of paraffin stimulated whole saliva was analyzed in an unmedicated adult population of 462 non‐smokers and 180 smokers. Regular but not immediate smoking was not associated with any significant changes in the salivary flow rate. The pH of stimulated whole saliva was in both sexes lower in smokers than in non‐smokers, the differences between the groups being statistically significant. Smoking did not affect salivary yeast counts, but smokers did show increased proportions of high lactobacillus c

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –Substance P‐like and enkephalin‐like immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in the human tooth pulp. Immunoreactivity for substance P could be demonstrated in thin, beaded nerve fibers and glomerular‐type nerve structures both in the center and in more peripheral parts of the tooth pulp. Substance P‐like nerve fibers predominated in the center of the pulp substance, while a thicker type of enkephalin‐like nerve fibers were more commonly seen at the periphery of the pulp. Controls exhibited no immunoreactivity for either neuropeptide. It is tentatively suggested that a dual innervation by substance P‐like fibers and enkephalin‐like nerve fibers may be involved in the mediation of t

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00898.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –Cell infiltrates in sections of paraffin‐embedded tissue of 36 human periapical inflammatory lesions (15 granulomas and 21 cysts) were examined by staining for acid α‐naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE). Thirty‐four of the lesions showed ANAE reactive T lymphocytes, plasma cells and cells of the monocyte/macrophage cell line. Large granular lymphocytes (NK cells) could not be identified with certainty among the ANAE positive cells. Two specimens were free of ANAE reactive cells. Differential cell counts on sections from 15 lesions (7 granulomas and 8 cysts) showed that T lymphocytes were the predominating ANAE reactive cells (23%), followed by plasma cells (15%) and monocytes/macrophages (11%). 51% of the inflammatory cells were ANAE negative. There was no marked difference between the granulomas and the cysts. Inhibition with NaF (10–100 mM) gave a gradual reduction in number of ANAE positive cells, some macrophages being the only cells resistant to 100 mM NaF. The results suggest that both humoral and cellular immune reactions are likely to occur in periapical inflammato

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00899.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –Scanning electron microscopy was used to study vascular and cellular changes in the periodontal membrane (PDM) in rats after orthodontic treatment ranging from 3 h to 9 days. The orthodontic forces ranged between 200 mN and 400 mN. Within the first hours of treatment extravasated erythrocytes, eichinocytes and platelets in various stages of degeneration were found in the pressure zones. The connective tissue of the pressure zones developed an amorphous appearance lacking discernible fibers and blood vessels following treatment for 24 h. These areas are known as hyaline zones, an area of local aseptic necrosis. Three days after the application of an orthodontic force macrophage‐like cells were abundant close to the hyaline zone. They adhered to the hyaline zone with filopods radiating from pseudopods. Large osteoclast‐like cells with several projections towards the bone surface were found around the hyaline zone and in the marrow spaces close to the pressure zones. The results indicated that the tissue reactions leading to remodeling of the PDM in the pressure zones are closely related to vascular injuries and subsequent formation of coagulated blood. Furthermore, macrophages seem to be the cells which play the most important role during degradation of the hyaline

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY