摘要:

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the staining of enamel in relation to fixation of luxated teeth. Color changes induced by chlorhexidine, red wine. tea, and coffee were detected with a Minolta Chroma Meter (CR‐121) after extracted teeth were treated to simulate construction of dental splinting. L*a*b* color readings were made before and after 7 days of incubation in the above‐mentioned media in teeth treated 1) by acid‐etching, 2) by acid‐etching followed by resin, 3) by resin and composite, 4) by Triad Gel. and 5) by Protemp. L* is an indicator of black (0) and white (100). The a* values relate to the red (+100) ‐green (−100) color axes, and the b* values to the yellow (+100) and blue (−100) axes. Untreated teeth served as controls. One‐way analysis of variance of mean L* values revealed no statistically significant differences in treatment. Discoloration was observed in all teeth, including the control ones. However, Protemp yielded the largest changes in mean L* values. Analysis of variance of mean L* values revealed statistically significant differences between incubation liquids because no increase in staining of enamel was noted after 7 days' incubation in chlorhexidine. Red wine increased the mean L* values more than coffee or tea. Changes in a*b* readings were toward red (+a*) after incubation in red wine, except in the case of teeth treated with resin. The color of all such teeth changed more toward yellow (+b*), because the resin used was yellow. No statistically significant difference was noted between the three pastes used for polishing. None of the pastes restored the enamel to the same color as be

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present comparative study was undertaken to determine which of the bacteria, lactobacilli (Ibc) and mutans streptococci (ms), in saliva better explains the variation of caries in 2728 South African 4–5‐yr‐old children. Caries was diagnosed according to WHO criteria. For Ibc, the Dentocult system was used. The number of ms in stimulated saliva was counted on MSB agar plates. For correction of confounding factors, data on the frequency of intake of sweets were derived from extensive interviews. Oral hygiene was determined according to the simplified debris index of Greene&Vermillion.Simple correlation analyses between dmfs and bacterial counts were done for the total material and for three caries intervals by calculating Spearman's and Pearson's coefficients of correlation. Multivariate regression analyses were done on all intervals to correct for the confounding effects of regular intake of sweets, presence of salivary ms or Ibc, and oral hygiene. Of the children, 68% had detectable Ibc in the saliva, and 74% had ms. Except for children with more than 6 dmfs, the explanatory values, i.e., percentage of variation in dmfs explained, were higher for Ibc than for ms. Before correction, the values for the total material were 15 vs 6%; for children with caries, 7 vs 5%; for those with 1–6 dmfs, 5 vs 0.4%; and for those with more than 6 dmfs, 0.3 vs 2%. Allγ‐values were reduced after correction, indicating that the confounders explain some of the correlation between dmfs and bacterial count. As was the case before correction, the percentage of variation in dmfs explained by Ibc after correction was higher than that for ms, except for children with more than 6 dmfs. The results suggest that Ibc explain the variation in caries among preschool children better than ms, but the question of whether Ibc is a belter predict

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to monitor pH in 2‐day‐old dental plaque after administration of a long‐acting, lactose‐containing nitroglycerin tablet (Suscard). The tablet was placed under the lip of the maxilla. This was done both in two older subjects suffering from heart problems and in 10 younger, healthy subjects. In the latter group, a sucrose‐containing lozenge was used as a control. The influence of a 5‐wk period of daily use of Suscard (in the two elderly subjects) and the effect of normal oral hygiene procedures (in the 10 younger subjects) on the pH response was also studied. Plaque pH was measured in situ up to 1 h, at five different approximal sites in the front region of the maxilla by the microtouch method. The Suscard tablet resulted in a fall in plaque pH in both groups when teeth had not been brushed for 2 days. The lowest pH was recorded at the sites close to where the tablet had been placed. The most attenuated pH drop was found in the two older subjects, who showed a mean minimum pH of 5.7, as compared with 6.2 for the younger subjects. No further increase in the pH fall from Suscard was seen after the 5‐wk period in the two patients with heart problems. In the 10 younger healthy subjects, the most pronounced pH decrease was registered after administration of the sucrose‐containing lozenge. The pH drop for Suscard was not significant when normal oral hygiene procedures preceded the test. To conclude, this study showed that a long‐acting, lactose‐containing nitroglycerin tablet may be highly cariogenic. However, if good oral hygiene is maintained, the pH drop in plaque can be r

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Excessive fluoride (F) in drinking water should be removed, but simple, inexpensive methods of fluoride removal are not readily available. This study examines the F−‐binding capacity of clay and clayware, especially the effect of the firing temperature on the F−‐binding process. A series of pots were made from ordinary potter's clay and fired at 500–1000°C. Likewise, small clay bricks were fired and then crushed and sieved. NaF solutions containing 10 mg/l F−(10 ppm F−) were prepared. Suitable aliquots of the solutions were poured into clay pots or exposed to powdered clayware. Samples were taken at storage periods of 30 min to 20 days and analyzed for F−by ion‐selective electrodes. The rate and capacity of F−‐binding in the clayware varied with the firing temperature. Clay fired at approximately 600°C was most effective. Temperatures over 700°C caused a decline in F−‐binding, and pottery fired at 900°C and above seemed unable to remove F−from water. Pots fired at 500°C or less cracked in water. The findings indicate that clayware, fired at an optimal temperature, may be of practical value for partial

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

High concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and placental type plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐2) have previously been found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of adults and children. In the present study, intra‐individual comparisons were made of the concentrations of t‐PA, urokinase type plasminogen activator (u‐PA), PAI‐1, and PAI‐2 in GCF from the same sites before and after periodontal treatment in eight healthy male volunteers aged 35–46 yr. The gingival state was assessed by exudate measurement, bleeding on standardized probing, and the gingival index of Löe&Silness 3 days before the start of the trial and on the day after completing a 21‐day preventive program consisting of instruction and professional cleaning once a week. Eight sites per subject were selected for enzyme analyses, all showing improvement in gingival state during the period. Sampling of GCF at the start and at the end of the trial was done with small disks of Millipore‐filter. t‐PA and PAI‐2 were analyzed with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays with low method errors. The mean concentrations of t‐PA were 0.73 mg/1 before treatment and 0.49 mg/1 after treatment. The mean concentrations of u‐PA were 84.4 ug/1 before treatment and 101.6 μg/1 after treatment. PAI‐1 was found in three subjects at the detection level. The mean PAI‐2 concentrations were 2.19 mg/1 before and 1.13 mg/1 after treatment. The mean molar ratio PAs/PAI‐2 was 0.47 before and 0.48 after treatment. This insignificant change implies a maintained proteolytic balance and indicates that PAI‐2 is an im

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01480.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eight adult periodontitis (AP) patients were studied immunohistochemically to determine the presence of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP‐1, MMP‐3, and MMP‐8 in the marginal gingival and gingival granulation tissue specimens obtained from periodontal flap surgery after scaling and root planing. Clinically healthy gingival tissue specimens obtained from impacted third‐molar extraction operations served as controls. MMP‐type‐specific antisera were applied by the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex staining method. Moderate immunoreactivity for neutrophil collagenase (MMP‐8) was found both in the AP patients' marginal gingival connective tissue and in gingival granulation tissue specimens. Immunoreactivity for fibroblast‐type collagenase (MMP‐1) and stromelysin‐1 (MMP‐3) was detected only in the AP patients' gingival granulation tissue specimens. In the control specimens, no immunoreactivity for the MMPs could be detected. For the first time, this finding demonstrates immunohistochemically the presence of MMP‐8 in human inflamed gingiva in situ, and further highlights the importance of MMP‐8 in periodontal tissue destruction, evidently during the acute phase(s) of the disease. However, our results confirm and extend previous studies indicating that other types of MMPs from resident gingival cell sources also seem to participate in the chronic and destructive cours

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

IgA concentrations in human plasma, and whole and parotid saliva were measured before and 3 months after a shift to a lactovegetarian diet in 20 volunteers (four men and 16 women, mean age 44 yr, range 27–61). The major dietary trends observed were an increased intake of berries and other fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, and a decreased intake of fish, eggs, and meat; biscuits and buns; sweets; alcoholic beverages; coffee; and tea. The consumption of meat, fish, and eggs decreased to zero, showing that the participants had adopted a lactovegetarian diet. There was a decrease in fat, protein, sucrose, and alcohol intake and an increase in total carbohydrate and fiber intake. There was no significant change in energy, retinol equivalent, or zinc intake. Despite this change in diet, no significant changes were observed between the mixed diet period and the vegetarian diet period in IgA in plasma, 253±52 and 264±55; whole saliva, 2.5±0.4 and 2.4±0.4; or parotid saliva, 0.88±0.22 and 0.90±0.20 (mg/100 ml, mean values, 95% confidence interval). Moreover, the diet change did not after the secretion rate in whole and parotid saliva, the secretion rate of IgA in whole and parotid saliva, or the protein content of whole saliva. However, the protein content of parotid saliva increased significantly. Thus, this major diet change was apparently not drastic enough or sustained long enough to cause a change in IgA

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Microbiologic assessments are often included in longitudinal studies to elucidate the significance of the association of certain Gram‐negative bacteria and the development of periodontal diseases. In such studies, the reliability of methods is crucial. There are several methods to identify putative pathogens, and some of them are commercially available. The purpose of the present study was to compare the reproducibility of four different methods for detectingActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, andPrevotella intermediain order to evaluate their usefulness in epidemiologic studies. The test panel consisted of 10 young subjects and 10 adult periodontitis patients. Subgingival plaque was sampled from sites showing bone loss and “healthy” control sites. The four different methods for detecting the target bacteria were 1) cultivation, 2) Evalusite (a chair‐side kit based on ELISA), 3) OmniGene, Inc. based on DNA probes, and 4) indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). The test procedure was repeated after a 1‐wk interval and was performed by one examiner. Sites reported to be positive for a microorganism by any of the four methods at one or both examinations were considered to be positive for that organism and included in the analysis. The reproducibility of the four methods was low. The IIF and the cultivation methods showed somewhat higher reproducibility than did the commercial systems. A second test was done for Evalusite, three paper points for sampling being used instead of one as described in the manual. The reproducibility of the second test was improved, indicating that the detection level of the system may influence the re

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An open, randomized, controlled study with two parallel treatment groups was done to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single application of a miconazole 55 mg/g denture lacquer applied once on the mucosal denture surface, as comrared with those of a commercially available miconazole 2% gel applied four times daily for 2 wk, in the treatment ofCandida‐associated denture stomatitis. The efficacy variables wereCandidacultures on the Oricult plates taken from the palatal mucosa and the denture surface, erythema of the palatal mucosa, and smears for leukocyte migration into the palatal epithelium taken on entering the study and on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 after commencement of therapy. On entering the study, all patients had positive cultures of yeast in the samples from the palatal mucosa. Within the first 3 days, all gel patients and 88% of the lacquer patients had fewer than 10 colonies. The gel was statistically significantly more efficient than the lacquer on days 7 and 14. In the samples from the denture surface, all patients had more than 100 yeast colonies at inclusion and, on day 3, approximately 80% in both treatment groups had fewer than 10 colonies. From day 7 onward, the gel was statistically significantly more efficient than the lacquer. The reddening of the palatal mucosa was not statistically significantly different in the treatment groups at any of the examinations, but smears for the determination of leukocyte migration indicated that the gel was statistically significantly more efficient than the lacquer on day 7. One patient in the gel group complained of gastrointestinal disturbance and stopped the treatment. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that a single application of the miconazole denture lacquer is safe and creates an immediate antimycotic effect. A repeated application of the lacquer is, however, needed to achieve a prolonged effec

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of dental injuries, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and dental caries in a group of champion wrestlers. Twenty‐six male wrestlers, with a mean age of 23 yr, and an age‐matched control group participated in the study. A questionnaire was used with questions on trauma, frequency of headache, intensity of practicing sports, use of sugar‐containing “sports drinks”, use of mouth guards, and previous TMD problems. Four bitewing radiographs were taken in all subjects. In addition, three intraoral apical radiographs of maxillary and mandibular frontal regions were taken in the wrestlers. The number of existing teeth, dental caries, amount and type of restorations, and dental injuries were recorded. Examination of the stomatognathic system comprised bilateral palpation of the masseter and temporal muscles and lemporomandibular joints, and evaluation of the mandibular movements. None of the subjects had drunk sports drinks or worn mouth protectors regularly. The wrestlers had more frequent and severe dental injuries localized to the frontal region of the maxilla than the controls. No statistical differences were found in the prevalence of caries or TMD between t

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1994.tb01485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY