摘要:

Abstract –The apical translucent zone was studied in 1000 human teeth. For each type of tooth, excluding molars, the size of the apical translucency was estimated according to the scoring methods of Gustafson(I), Dalitz(2)&Johanson(3). The lengths of the translucent zones were measured on moist and then on dry teeth, both unsectioned and sectioned, while the areas were measured on dry sectioned teeth only. Statistical analyses using the SPSS package in a Cyber computer indicated a symmetric distribution of the translucent zone in left and right teeth. The extent of the translucency showed little variation from one type of tooth to another. The length of the translucent zone measured on unsectioned teeth demonstrated in most types the closest relation to age. Multiple regression analyses, including more than one method of measuring the size of the translucent zone, resulted in formulas showing a high correlation with age (from 0.68 to 0.86). Slightly larger translucent areas were found in teeth from males, in darker teeth and in teeth with increased thickness of the cementum. The increase in the translucent zone with advancing age was found to be almost linear and was not affected by periodontal destructio

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01602.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –Ninety‐four long and 86 short duration diabetics and 86 non‐diabetics, aged 20–70 yr, participated in the study. The clinical and radiographic examination comprised recordings of the number of teeth, carious lesions, restorations, endodontically treated teeth and periapical lesions. There were no significant differences between long and short duration diabetics and non‐diabetics in the number of teeth and the total number of decayed and filled tooth surfaces (DFS %). However, long duration diabetics exhibited more decayed proximal tooth surfaces (D %) than non‐diabetics. There were no significant differences between long and short duration diabetics and non‐diabetics in the mean number of endodontically treated teeth and periapical lesions. Women with long diabetes duration, however, exhibited more endodontically treated teeth with periapical lesions than women with short diabetes duration and women without diabetes. Long duration diabetics exhibited teeth with periapical lesions to a greater extent than the other groups. On the whole, diabetics and non‐diabetics exhibited a similar caries frequency but among the diabetics there was a group of individuals who had more periapical lesions than th

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –The aim of this study was to investigate dental care habits and knowledge of oral health in age‐ and sex‐matched adult long and short duration insulin‐dependent diabetics and non‐diabetics. Ninety‐four long and 86 short duration diabetics and 86 non‐diabetics, aged 20–70 years, participated in the study. All subjects answered a questionnaire with 38 questions about dental visits, attitudes to and knowledge of dental diseases, toothcleaning, dietary and smoking habits, and oral sensations. Among the diabetics there was a rather large group that did not visit a dentist annually. The diabetics also required more emergency dental care and were not as willing as the non‐diabetics to spend time and money on their teeth. The compliance with dietary advice was poor among the diabetics. Oral discomfort such as prickling and burning sensations, metallic and bad taste was rare in both diabetics and non‐diabetics. In the diabetics, however, a feeling of mouth

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –Adult male and female rats were used as test animals. The experimental diabetes, mellitus was provoked with one dose of i.v. injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight), which interferes with the insulin release mechanism in pancreatic β cells. After a follow‐up period of 10 wk an average loss of 10% of body weight and an increase of 25% in the amount of blood obtained by decapitation was recorded in the test animals. The biochemical assays performed on the serum of the diabetic rats showed, for both sexes, a fourfold rise in the plasma glucose level, a threefold rise in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and plasma alanine transferase activity as well as a 1.5‐fold rise in plasma creatine value. The two latter values indicated systematic disorders reflected in the liver and the kidneys. An increase in serum total calcium and hydroxyproline values was also detected. The clinical studies of the gingiva showed diminished tissue resistance in diabetic rats. The histologic studies of alveolar bone revealed retarded formation of bone matrix and new bone in diabetic animals. However, the stimulated metabolism in alveolar bone, due to the artificially induced stress, increased marginal bone cell activity in both the diabetic and the control group, resulting in increased crestal resorption in the former group. The differences in tissue response observed among the diabetic animals affected and unaffected by stress originated from the disturbed recovering mechanism typically found in diabetic a

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –It has recently been reported that folic acid supplementation reduced DPH‐induced gingival hyperplasia in cat and in a pilot study also in man. The present study was performed to further evaluate this therapy in man. Twenty‐three children with DPH‐treatment for more than 1 yr, and eight children with short‐time DPH‐treatment were randomly assigned to groups with and without daily supplementation of folic acid (5 mg Folacin) for 1 yr. Although the DPH‐levels were in many cases below the lower reference value, the seizure control of the children was good before and during the year of study. The plasma and red cell folate levels were within or above the given reference values in all but one child. There were no significant changes in the size of the gingival hyperplasias after 1 yr of folate supplementation. Nine severely mentally retarded DPH‐treated adults were also given supplementation with folic acid. Their serum DPH‐levels were above the higher reference values both at the start and during the study. Their plasma and red cell folic acid levels were below the reference value at the start of the study, but as a consequence of the Folacin supplementation these values rose. The size of the gingival hyperplasias was significantly reduced. Seizure control was unchanged. Folate levels should be checked and supplementation with folic acid considered in patients on long‐term anticonvulsive mu

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –This study aimed to assess the in vitro antimicrobial effect and in vivo plaqueinhibiting capacity of chlorhexidine (CH) combined with the nonionic detergent Triton X‐100. Synergistic inhibition was observed by the combination of Triton X‐100 and CH on in vitro growth ofS. sobrinusOMZ 176 and ofS. sanguis10556. In the clinical experiments, 10 subjects rinsed twice dally with 10 ml aqueous solutions of 11.6 mM Triton X‐100, and 0.55 mM CH, and with a combination of the two agents. All mechanical oral hygiene was suspended during the test periods. Sucrose enhanced plaque accumulations were recorded after 4 days of rinsing. The combination of CH‐Triton X‐100 decreased plaque accumulations significantly compared to placebo, but was less effective than CH alone (P<0.05). Thus no beneficial clinical effect was gained by combining the nonionic agent Triton X‐100 with the cationic agent CH. The results also clearly demonstrate that additions which increase the antibacterial activity of CH do not necessarily coincide with improved in vivo antipl

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –In a previous study we demonstrated that gingival health could be maintained in a group of highly motivated nurses using a dentifrice containing a zinc salt and triclosan. We have now investigated the effect of the experimental dentifrice on a group of less motivated men. One hundred and three male students were given oral hygiene instruction (OHI) and their teeth were professionally cleaned. For each individual, both the instruction and cleaning were completed in a single 15‐min period. Two balanced groups were formed, based on the prestudy plaque levels and gingival bleeding. One group used the experimental dentifrice for 12 months, while the other used a control. Results were assessed after 6 months, and after 12 months. As a result of the OHI, plaque and gingival bleeding were reduced at the end of the prestudy period. This improvement was not maintained by the control group even for 6 months. In contrast, the test group exhibited significantly lower plaque levels and higher standard of gingival health throughout the 12 months. Reassessment of available participants 6 months after the study showed that gingival health in both groups had returned to its prestudy condition. The lower observed standard of gingival health in the test group after ceasing to use the experimental dentifrice further supports the conclusion that this dentifrice can contribute to an oral care prog

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –The effect of critical surface tension on the initial retention of microorganisms from unstimulated human saliva was tested in a flow cell system. Prior to each experiment the total numbers and the morphotypes of microorganisms present in saliva were recorded. The test surfaces were prepared to display known increasing critical surface tensions, as verified and standardized by contact angle measurements. Surfaces of initially low (20–22 mN/m), medium (35–38 mN/m) and high (>50 mN/m) critical surface tension were exposed to saliva at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Microbiota and biofilm material associated with the test surface after 15 min of salivary exposure, were then subjected to standard detachment forces, by introducing a cell‐free rinsing fluid at two different shear rates. Both the attachment and the detachment phases were executed at room temperature or 37°C. The retained population was counted in three different zones of the test surfaces with a light microscope and statistically tested for correlation to the main variables (critical surface tension, flow rate and temperature) and interactions. Retention success was significantly dependent on the initial critical surface tension and the flow rate. Surfaces of medium critical surface tension, representative of human tooth surfaces and most restorative dental materials, retained the highest numbers of microorganisms in comparison with the other surfaces tested, with no statistically verified selectivity in proportions of retained coccoid and rodshaped microorganisms for any surface. A 30‐fold increase of the flow rate resulted in a 70–80% reduction of the retention success, with a higher relative number of cocci present on all the test surfaces. These results demonstrate that initial retention of microorganisms to surfaces is non‐specific with regard to morphotypes, but is strongly related both to the mechanical removal forces and the surface energetic state of the solid surface exposed. Retention of microbial populations at interfaces might, advance selection of the critical surface tensions and predicted if shear forces at given s

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –The effect of frequent use of a sorbitol‐containing nicotine chewing gum on saliva secretion rate and buffer capacity and some oral bacteria was studied in 27 patients at a smoking cessation clinic. The effect was compared with that obtained after frequent use of a chewing gum containing xylitol in a second study in 14 subjects. The results showed that sorbitol‐containing nicotine chewing gum had no significant effect on salivary numbers of oral streptococci and lactobacilli during a 3‐month period of active chewing five times a day. Chewing on xylitol‐containing gum caused a significant decrease in salivaryS. mutansafter 2 months but not after 3 months. No change in secretion rate or buffer capacity was observed in the two studies. Oral sugar clearance time was reduced after 3 months with a statistically significant difference to baseline values in subjects consuming the sorbitol‐containing nicotine

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –The study presents the effect of a low vitamin A intake on saliva secretion rate and some salivary glycoproteins in the adult rat. Sixteen rats in the experimental group were fed a vitamin A deficient diet (0.11 μg retinol/g diet) and 14 rats in the control group a diet with adequate content of vitamin A (4.74 μg/g diet). At the end of the experimental period of 10 wk, whole saliva, blood, and liver samples were collected. No difference in the serum content of retinol was seen between the two groups. The liver values were significantly lower for the rats in the experimental group compared to the values in the control group. No difference was seen between the two groups in saliva secretion rate, salivary peroxidase activity, or the concentrations of total protein and markers for total glycoprotein secretion. However, the activity of a bacteria agglutinating glycoprotein, BAGP, was significantly reduced in the rats fed the vitamin A deficient d

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY