ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –The Vipeholm Study is a unique diet‐caries interventional study that has earned its place as a citation classic. One of the findings, that quantity of sugar consumed at meals in a non‐sticky form had little influence on caries rate, has often been misinterpreted, as it is based on an institutional population under supervised dietary control. The other main finding, that sugary foods consumed in a sticky form at high frequency between meals are highly cariogenic, is generally accepted. Although the Vipeholm Study has been criticized on ethical grounds, relatively fewer teeth were extracted for caries than are currently extracted in an adult population. The results of two modern studies in Northumberland, UK, and Michigan, USA, on the relationship between dietary habits and caries increments in children have been compared with the Vipeholm findings. Currently the correlations between dietary habits and caries increments are low because of the low caries increments and relatively small differences in dietary patterns in non‐interventional conditions. High frequency of snacking is uncommon and use of topical fluoride agents (dentifrices, rinses) is widespread. However, for the caries‐susceptible person, between‐meal consumption of sugary foods is still a

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –The Vipeholm Study showed that a frequent intake of products with high sugar concentrations increases caries activity. This effect of sugar was explained by the acid production of bacteria on the teeth. In the following 40 yr many microbial characteristics have been described, which are important in the pathogenesis of dental caries. This contribution focuses on one characteristic of the cariogenic bacteria; their acidurance. Compared to other oral bacteria the cariogenic lactobacilli and mutans streptococci have enzymes with greater resistance to acid, and greater capacities of the cells to extrude protons from the cytoplasm. The most important enzyme for the extrusion of protons is a membrane‐bound proton‐translocating ATPase. This enzyme is found in higher amounts and is working at lower pH in the cariogenic bacteria. Another important characteristic of the cariogenic bacteria is their production of lactic acid when they are exposed to high concentrations of sugar. Lactic acid has a pK of 3.8, while other carboxylic acids have a pK of 4.8. The bacterial cell membrane is permeable to undissociat‐ed carboxylic acids. These undissociated acids act as carriers to bring protons back into the cytoplasm. Bacteria with lactic acid as fermentation product have therefore the possibility to grow and produce acids at one pH unit lower than bacteria with, for example, acetic, propionic, or butyric acid as fermentation

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –Some aspects of the cariogenicity of sucrose are discussed, in particular the data indicating that glucosyltransferase (GTF) mediates the well known stickiness of sucrose exposedS. mutansand plaque in vivo. The non‐sucrose dependent colonization of teeth, which has been studied extensively, is judged to be of less importance becauseS. mutansis only pathogenic in combination with sucrose. Strong evidence from several laboratories show that free GTF is present in saliva and that it adsorbs to the pellicle and is able to form glucan in the adsorbed state. Glucan‐glucan interaction between 1–3 linked glucans gives a strong sucrose dependent interaction between glucan chains originating from the GTF adsorbed to the pellicle and from GTF on the bacterial

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –The observations in the Vipeholm Study regarding sugar consumption and oral lactobacillus counts were reviewed in relation to recent data on the epidemiology of mutans streptococci. The mutans streptococci were not present in higher counts in a population with high level of sugar consumption compared to two populations with a low level. As expected, differences were found in the caries prevalence between the different populations. An association between bacterial count and dental caries status could be demonstrated at the low level of sugar consumption and caries prevalence. Strains of mutans streptococci isolated in a population with extremely low caries prevalence were shown to be cariogenic in the hamster model. It is apparent that the observations made in the Vipeholm Study and the present findings have similarities, although different bacteria are studied. It was concluded that the difference in diet between the populations or groups were not sufficient to affect the counts of lactobacilli or mutans streptococci, but may have been sufficient to create the differences in caries prevalenc

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –One of the main conclusions from the Vipeholm Study is that consumption of sticky sugar‐containing between meal products can be associated with high caries activity. Another important result from this study is that there is a great variation in the caries development between different individuals, for example among those who consume 24 toffees a day. Thus, the answer to the question that was raised in the title of this, paper: “Sugar substitutes – one consequence of the Vipeholm Study?” is “Yes” for those products that are consumed frequently and “Yes” for those individuals who have a high risk for dental caries, but “No” for those products that arenotconsumed frequently and “No” for those individuals who donothave a high risk for dental caries. There are many substitutes available on the market today, both non caloric and caloric, which have a low or even no cariogenic potential. Even if some of these products have economic, technologic and toxicologic shortcomings, sugar substitution is an important part

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –Investigations were carried out to study the fluorescent properties of human dentin and cementum and their relation to age. One hundred mandibular second premolars were ground according to the “half tooth” technique. The intensity to the red fluorescence was measured during illumination of dentin and cementum with a green light. The results were analyzed with the use of the SPSS. The intensity of the fluorescent light recorded from cementum was stronger than that recorded from dentin. A pairedt‐test showed no statistically significant left/right difference in fluorescence. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated a strong relationship between age and fluorescence from dentin (r = 0.73) and from cementum (r =0.77). The sex of the individual had no significant influence on the fluorescence. Teeth removed from decreased individuals emitted fluorescence with a slightly stronger intensity than did teeth extracted from living patients. Regression analysis indicated a linear relationship between age and the fluorescence from either dentin or cementum. There was strong correlation between the intensity of the fluorescence and color estimates from the same teeth and the partial correlation coefficient was still statistically significant whtn controlling for the effect

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –The effect of a single subcutaneous injection of different dosages of phosphonoformic or phosphonoacetic acid on the developing dental tissues of the rat molar was studied. The substances were injected at different rat ages and effects on the developing teeth were analyzed by means of histochemistry of frozen sections and scanning electron microscopy. Molars of rats injected at the age of 10 or 15 days showed no pathologic changes. Administration of phosphonoacetic acid in a dosage of 10 or 20 mg P/kg b.w. had no demonstrable effect on the dental tissues in any of the animals. Phosphonoformic or phosphonoacetic acid in a dosage of 10 or 30 mg P/kg b.w. respectively induced subameloblastic cysts 24 h after injection to 4–7‐day‐old rats. The cysts were mainly localized on the mesial sides of the cusps under ameloblasts in the late secretory stage. Calcified depositions were seen in the ameloblastic layer lining the cystic cavities. A thin zone, the staining of which indicated a high mineral content, was seen in. the outermost enamel layer under the cysts, A few days later, enamel hypoplasias were seen in areas previously occupied by cysts. A lightly stained line was observed in the enamel matrix demarcating the amount of enamel matrix formed before and after the injection. Hypoplastic lesions were also noted in the enamel surface of newly erupted molars. These findings suggest that the two injected monophosphonates can induce pathologic changes in the developing enamel organ and hypoplasias in the

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract –Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a rare autosomally recessive disease which leads to severe hypoglycemia. The fructose‐free diet of these patients apparently influences dental health. Half of the patients are free of caries, but there are no reports on their periodontal condition nor on the composition of their subgingival microflora. Therefore 18 patients with HFI were examined for the following parameters: radiographic bone loss, caries rate, gingival bleeding, occurrence of calculus, pocket depths, salivary flow rate, buffer capacity and pH from paraffin wax‐stimulated saliva. SalivaryS. mutansand lactobacilli were also enumerated. Specific antibody titers from whole saliva and serum toActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4, Bacteroides gingivalis, andCapnocytophaga ochraceawere determined with ELISA. Finally the subgingival plaque was analyzed by culture. Altogether 196 anaerobic or microaerophilic isolates representing 29 different species were obtained from the HFI patients and 164 isolates of 26 species from the controls. The frequency ofActinomyces odontolyticus, Veillonella parvula, andWolinella rectain the HFI patients was significantly high. The DMF‐indices were lower in the study group than in the controls and so was the occurrence ofS. mutansand lactobacilli in the saliva. Of the periodontal parameters examined, the only difference found was an increased incidence of gingival bleeding and calculus formation in the HFI patients. The results suggest that in the HFI patients the common gingival bleeding is associated with the more frequent occurrence ofActinomyces odontolyticus, Veillonella parvula, andWolinell

ISSN:0909-8836    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY