摘要:

The aim of the study was to compare rates of smokers among physicians and nurses in the USA, a country with relatively high levels of activity in tobacco control, with those in a country with low levels of tobacco-control efforts. Analysis of interview data in three cross-sectional population studies was carried out. The tobacco-smoking rate of the physicians in the country with low prevention activity dropped to 18%, which is still much higher than the smoking rate in the US and other European countries. In conclusion, prevention activity on a national level might contribute to reducing the rate of current smokers among physicians to a large extent, less so in nurses.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of occurrence of malignancies of different site of origin in patients with malignant melanoma (MM) of the skin and their first-degree relatives from families with cancer familial aggregations with unknown pathogenetic background (CFA). We analysed tumour spectrum and age at diagnosis of malignancies in 51 families with MM/CFA. In addition, we evaluated observed frequency (OF); expected frequency (EF); and relative risk (RR) of occurrence of malignancies in these families. In all cases peripheral blood examination of common Polish founderBRCA1mutations was performed. In 25 families, we analysed loss of heterozygosity ofBRCA1andBRCA2genes. We identified two subgroups of cases: 22 MM/CFA families with MM diagnosed before 55 years (≤55 MM/CFA) and 29 MM/CFA families with MM diagnosed after 55 (>55 MM/CFA). In these families we observed increased proportion of breast cancers: 17.52% in the first subgroup (mean age of diagnosis 48.5) and 12.15% in the second subgroup. The odds ratio for breast tumours occurring before 50 in ≤55 MM/CFA families was 3.71. We also observed increased numbers of liver cancers, CSU and leukaemias. OF and EF analyses revealed increased risk of occurrence of cancers of breast (OF 10.4%, EF 4.5%) and liver (OF 1.9%, EF 0.8%) in women from MM/CFA families, RR for breast tumours was ∼3.3 in ≤55 MM/CFA families. Molecular examination of MM/CFA families revealed no alterations within theBRCA2gene and one germline mutation of theBRCA1gene. In conclusion, it seems to be justified to consider systematic breast surveillance beginning at the age around 35–40 years as an option in women from ≤55 MM/CFA families.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID