摘要:

Low alcohol consumption seems to decrease total mortality and to have beneficial properties on cardiovascular disease; data for cancer are still inconclusive. There is evidence that wine consumption decreases the risk of cancer at several sites, including cancer of upper digestive tract, lung, colon, basal cell carcinoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The presence of resveratrol, a polyphenol specifically present in red wine, may contribute to these cancer preventive effects. Resveratrol in fact inhibits the metabolic activation of carcinogens, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, decreases cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Data on the availability of resveratrolin vivoare however still lacking. Although regular consumption of one or two glasses of wine seems reasonably safe from the health point of view, a recommendation to the general population for low wine consumption is not justified.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride (VC) is causally related to liver angiosarcoma, whereas there is inconsistent epidemiologic evidence for other neoplasms. Two pooled analyses of worker cohorts from 56 plants in North America and Europe provide the most comprehensive and updated data on cancer risk among workers exposed to VC. These included over 22 000 workers, with a total of 640 000 person-years of observation, followed-up for up to 50 years. Overall, a total of 1 778 cancer deaths were observed versus 1 829.46 expected, corresponding to a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.93–1.02). Excluding 71 confirmed angiosarcomas, there were 60 deaths from liver cancers versus 44.35 expected (SMR=1.35, 95% CI=1.03–1.74). Lung and laryngeal cancer mortality were significantly lower than expected (SMR=0.88 and 0.59, respectively). The SMRs for soft tissue sarcoma, brain, lymphoid and haematopoietic system cancers were not materially different from unity. Thus, the aggregate data from over 20 000 VC workers in North America and Europe exclude any excess mortality from lung, laryngeal, soft tissue sarcoma, brain, lymphoid and haematopoietic neoplasms. There appears to be a slight excess of liver cancer other than angiosarcoma, which is difficult to interpret and is likely due to residual misclassification of angiosarcomas.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Carbon or graphite electrode manufacturing may lead to exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which are considered human carcinogens. To provide comprehensive evidence on cancer risk, we have considered five cohort studies from the USA, France, Sweden and Italy, including about 6 500 workers and 80 000 man-years at risk. In two studies providing data on incidence, 52 incident cases of all neoplasms were reported versus 56.28 expected, corresponding to a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 0.92. There were nine cases of lung cancer (SIR=0.91) and three of urinary cancers (SIR=0.81). Four studies gave data on mortality. Overall, 853 deaths were observed versus 1 065.2 expected, corresponding to a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.75–0.86). There were 269 deaths from all neoplasms, versus 292.1 expected (SMR=0.92, 95% CI 0.81–1.04), 82 deaths from respiratory cancers versus 95.8 expected (SMR=0.86), and 15 deaths from bladder and urinary cancers versus 12.7 expected (SMR=1.18). None of these estimates were significant, and for none of the other cancer sites there was evidence of excess risk. Thus, epidemiological data allow excluding any appreciable risk of cancer—in particular of the respiratory and the urinary tract—in carbon electrode workers.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Induction of apoptosis has been suggested as a mechanism for the anti-carcinogenic effect of tea constituents in animals andin vitrostudies. We addressed this hypothesis in a human study. Study participants were consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy at the UNC Hospitals (August 1998 to March 2000). Biopsies were taken from normal rectal mucosa. Apoptosis was scored by the terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated digoxigenin dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and by standard morphological criteria. The analysis included 171 patients with adenomas (cases) and 323 adenoma-free controls. After adjusting for sex, age, race, and BMI, apoptotic score was inversely associated with adenoma: the odds ratios (ORs) for linear trend associated with tertiles were 0.3 (0.3–0.5) for morphologic score and 0.5 (0.4–0.6) for the TUNEL score, respectively. Tea consumption (2–3 and >3 versus <2 servings/day) showed a weak negative association with adenoma: the ORs were 0.7 (0.3–1.4) and 0.5 (0.2–1.1), respectively. Neither measurement of apoptotic score changed by the level of tea consumption (Pvalue for Kruskal-Wallis test ≥0.5). We did not find statistical interaction between apoptotic score and tea consumption. Tea exposure is not associated with apoptosis in normal rectal tissuein vivo.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID