摘要:

Although the high meat–low vegetable diet is considered the reference high-risk diet for colorectal cancer, particularly in USA communities, other at-risk dietary patterns, such as high intakes of processed meat and refined carbohydrates are emerging. Little is known about risk factors for colorectal cancer in France, a country at high risk of rectal cancer and moderately high risk of colon cancer. We compared diet of colorectal cancer cases (n= 171) and general population controls (n= 309) in Burgundy (France). Categories of intake were established by sex and based on the distributions of food intakes in controls. Odds ratios for the fourth vs first quartile of intake (OR4) were 2.0 (1.1–3.6) for refined cereal products (rice, pasta and pastry), 2.4 (1.3– 4.5) for delicatessen, 2.3 (1.2–4.2) for patés,1.7 (1.1–2.8) for offal and 2.1 (1.1–4.0) for butter, lard and cream. There was no association with consumption of fresh meat (OR4= 1.2), fish (OR4= 1.5), egg (OR4= 1.1) or dairy products (OR4= 1.0). A protective effect of vegetables was only observed for left colon cancer (OR3= 0.3; 0.1–0.6). In men, the most significant risk factors were refined cereal products, seasoning animal fats, chocolate and coffee, whereas risk factors were delicatessen, fat meat, pasta, rice, and chocolate in women. The strong association with refined cereal products is consistent with the hypothesis of a role of hyperinsulinism in colorectal carcinogenesis. The association with processed but not fresh meat suggests the importance of exogenous carcinogenesis in that area.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Effects of intestinal microflora on the development of colonic neoplasm induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) were observed using conventionalized and gnotobiotic mouse models. The incidence of colonic adenoma in germ-free mice (IQI/jic) (GF), mice conventionalized after DMH injection (Cvz-post-DMH) and conventionalized mice (Cvz, conventionalized before DMH injection) was 74%, 69% and 58%, respectively. The mean number of adenomas per mouse in the three groups was 2.6, 2.0 and 1.4, respectively. However, the adenoma in Cvz was larger than in GF. The incidence of adenoma in mice mono-associated withMitsuokella multiacida, Clostridium butyricum, Bifidobacterium longum, Clostridium paraputrificum, Escherichia coliandLactobacillus acidophiluswas 68%, 68%, 63%, 50%, 50% and 30%, respectively. However, the adenoma in theCl. Paraputrificumgroup and theCl. Butyricumgroup was larger than in GF. Faecal pH in Cvz and theL. acidophilusgroup was significantly lower than in GF. The deconjugation rate of faecal bile acids in Cvz, theCl. Paraputrificumgroup and theCl butyricumgroup was significantly higher than in GF. These findings suggested two different effects of microflora on the development of DMH-induced adenoma: either an inhibition of the incidence of adenoma or a promotion of tumour growth. Effects ofL. acidophilusmay be mediated by faecal pH and effects ofCl. ParaputrificumandCl. Butyricumby deconjugated bile acids.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In emigrants from less to more developed countries, consequent changes in environmental factors are associated,inter alia, with changes in occurrences of the chronic diseases of lifestyle. In South Africa, most immigrants from India arrived in the early 1900s. To learn of the current pattern of cancer in the descendants of these people, enquiries were made on several series of patients admitted to RK Khan Hospital in Durban. The results were then compared with those of patients admitted to Ambojogai Hospital, North West India, the ancestral home of the majority of South African Indians. The most prominent differences were the lower percentages in South African Indians in respect of cancers of the mouth/pharynx in both sexes and of cervical cancer, and their considerably higher percentages, principally in the cases of stomach cancer in both sexes, of prostate cancer in males and of breast cancer in females. Discussion of risk factors indicates that in such populations there could be some control over the rises in some cancers, and on reductions in others. However, endeavours at prevention are hindered not only by the lack of knowledge prevailing, but also by their general indifference; likewise, this is the case with western populations.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The objective of this study is to analyse detection rates and stage of diagnosis of interval cancers in the mass screening mammography programme of Isère (France), launched in 1990. Interval cancers are defined as breast cancers diagnosed within 30 months after a negative screening assessment, for women attending the programme between November 1990 and December 1994. Stages of diagnosis of these cancers are compared with those of screened cancers and to those of cancers diagnosed outside the programme. The rates of invasive interval cancers are 17.7% of the expected incidence rate during the first year, 60.0% during the second year and 58.8% after the second year. Sensitivity of the programme (one test every 30 months) is 74%; sensitivity at one year is 82%. Results are better for women aged 60–69 years than for younger women (50–59 years). Diagnosis is made at an early stage with 8% of in situ cases, and with 40% of very small tumours (sizes ≤ 10 mm). Those stages are very close to the ones for screened cases. Interval cancer rates are low during the first year. Higher rates for the second year and early stages of diagnosis could be explained by self-referred screening practice in our area.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID