ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Differences in the proportion of the breast occupied by mammographic densities have been shown to be associated with differences in breast cancer risk. However, estimation of these densities by radiologists may be subject to error, and it is likely that quantitative measurement will reduce misclassification of densities and strengthen their association with risk of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to compare the extent of mammographic densities estimated subjectively by an experienced radiologist with the measured extent of densities using a digital planimeter. A total of 225 sets of mammograms from women aged 40–49 years and enrolled in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) were selected. The extent of the radiological densities was estimated visually by one radiologist. Independently, the total area of the breast and the areas of density were traced and measured using a digital planimeter. Visual estimations and measurements of mammographic densities were then compared to determine the extent of agreement between the two methods. In general, the two methods showed good agreement (K = 0.78). The measured area of mammographic densities tended to be slightly greater than the radiologist's estimations. Both methods were highly reproducible (radiologist-dependent method, K = 0.89; quantitative method, r = 0.95, P = 0.0001). Our results indicate that measurement of the area of mammographic density using a quantitative method is reliable, and correlates well with assessment by an experienced radiologist. The method may be useful for identifying women at increased risk of breast cancer.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The association of mammographic parenchymal patterns of the breast with breast cancer risk has been studied extensively but there is little information about the distribution of different patterns in populations at different risks for breast cancer. Such information could be obtained if a risk-free method of breast examination were available that could be applied to the general population. We have evaluated real time ultrasound for this application by comparing the parenchymal pattern as assessed by mammography with the extent of echogenicity in the breast on ultrasound examination in 102 subjects. Subjects were examined by both methods, the mammographic and ultrasound images independently classified, and the proportion of the breast occupied by radiological density or ductal prominence compared with the extent of echogenic areas on ultrasound. These two methods of classifying mammographic parenchymal patterns were found to be strongly correlated. Real time ultrasound may therefore be useful in the epidemiological study of mammographic pattern and breast cancer risk.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Breast screening in the Herault Department (France) has been carried out since July 1990. As with other French programmes, it is a population-based screen, whose main features are related to its organization in that: (a) it is performed by a specific unit (the 'Institut Montpelliérain d'Imagerie Medico-Biologique'); and (b) the group of women targeted is those aged 40–70 years. The two-view mammography is performed every 2 years in mobile units. This paper presents the results after 30 months: 26,026 participants were screened from a target population of 52,617 women, giving a participation rate of 49%. The recall rate and the biopsy rate observed were 7% and 1.5%, respectively. The predictive positive value was 8.4% for a positive test while it was 35% for the biopsy; the values increased with age. 137 cancers were observed giving a detection rate of 5.3%, of which 82% were in situ. Small (≤ to 10 mm) tumours represented 41.5%, and 71.5% of the cancers were node negative. The surgical treatment was conservative for 66% of them.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The anticarcinogenic potential of anethole was studied in Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) in the paw of Swiss albino mice. The antitumour activity was evaluated from the cytotoxicity of EAT-cells in the paw and their biochemical changes were determined from nucleic acids, protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (NP-SH) concentrations. Furthermore, the observations on survival rate, tumour weight, its volume and body weight of EAT-bearing mice were made. The EAT-bearing paws were also evaluated for histopathological changes. Additional studies were undertaken on the cytological effects of anethole in order to establish its clastogenic and mitodepressive activity in normal mice. The results obtained in the present study revealed anethole to increase the survival time, reduce the tumour weight and volume and body weight of the EAT-bearing mice. It caused a significant cytotoxic effect in EAT cells in the paw, reduced the levels of nucleic acids and MDA, and increased NP-SH concentrations. The histopathological changes observed after treatment with anethole were comparable to the standard cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide. The results on the frequency of micronuclei and the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes showed anethole to be mitodepressive and non-clastogenic in the femoral cells of mice. Our results indicate the anticarcinogenic, cytotoxic and non-clastogenic nature of anethole. Further studies are warranted to explore the mode of action and safety of anethole for its possible use in cancer therapy.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We studied the influence of age, sex, education and time between interviews on the reproducibility of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed in Italy for a case-control study on cancers of the breast and digestive tract. The questionnaire had been administered twice to 452 Italian men and women and included the weekly consumption of 77 food items or groups of foods, seven summary questions and three questions on some general dietary habits. Spearman correlation coefficients for the 77 dietary items plus the seven summary questions did not differ between males (median 0.61) and females (median 0.58), volunteers younger than 50 years (median 0.58) and aged 50 or more (median 0.59), volunteers with fewer than 10 years of education (median 0.58) and with 10 or more (median 0.59). A slightly higher Spearman correlation coefficient was found when the two interviews were conducted 5–6 months apart (median 0.60) or more than 6 (median 0.59) than when less than 5 (median 0.55). Similarly, Pearson correlation coefficients for the intake of 27 nutrients or micronutrients, plus caloric intake, computed from the FFQ showed no differences between males (median 0.65) and females (median 0.64), two age groups (median 0.67 for subjects aged < 50 years and 0.65 for those aged ≥ 50), and two educational levels (median 0.68 for < 10 years and 0.65 for ≥ 10 years). The median Pearson correlation coefficient for nutrients was slightly higher for those subjects who were interviewed with the planned interval (5–6 months, median 0.71) than when the interval was shorter (median 0.57) or longer (median 0.64). Thus, age, sex and educational level of the volunteers did not have a large or systematic impact on the concordance of the two measurements.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although there is a strong positive association between total fat consumption and colorectal and breast cancer risk, there is evidence that n-3 fatty acids, mainly found in fish oil, are protective. If this is so, we would expect to be able to detect an inverse correlation between fish consumption and colorectal cancer and breast cancer mortality. Mortality data for breast and colorectal cancer in 24 European countries were correlated with current fish and fish oil consumption and with consumption 10 and 23 years previously. In males there was an inverse correlation between colorectal cancer mortality and current intake of fish (P = 0.036), a weaker correlation with fish consumption 10 years earlier (P = 0.042) and none with consumption 23 years earlier (P = 0.12). The data were not statistically significant in females. There was no correlation at all between breast cancer mortality and fish or fish oil consumption at any time. It is concluded that fish consumption is associated with protection against the later promotional stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, but not with the early initiation stages. The results are discussed in terms of the role of prostaglandins in colorectal carcinogenesis.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID