ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Despite significant advances in treatment, the aetiology of Hodgkin's disease has remained elusive. While epidemiology has uncovered the likely infectious nature of the malignancy, neither the causative agent nor the cell of origin have been identified. The available epidemiological, histological and molecular biological evidence were reviewed and the following conclusions reached. Hodgkin's disease is probably an infectious, but not contagious disease, and is compounded by immunodeficiency. The suspected role of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as causative agent has been substantially weakened, although a role as co-factor is likely. A prime candidate for the cell of origin seems the interdigitating reticulum cell (IRC). Reed-Sternberg cells found in patients with Hodgkin's disease may represent in vivo hybridomas of the IRC with B- and/or T-cells. As IRC is unlikely to be susceptible to EBV, a retrovirus may be the culprit. Hybridomas may be formed when retroviral antigens expressed by a macrophage cell attract reactive B- and T-cells and, instead of an immune reaction, fusion occurs. Further research is necessary in the search for the causative agent of Hodgkin's disease.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Histograms of all age-standardized (world population) death certification rates for 23 cancers or groups of cancers for the period 1990-92 were produced for 35 countries of the European region (including a dozen new national entities) providing data to the World ealth Organization database. Substantial variations were observed in mortality from most common sites. For lung cancer the rate in males was 81/0,000 in Hungary, followed by Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation and Poland, while in Sweden, Iceland and Norway, where comprehensive antismoking campaigns have been adopted over the last two decades, the rates were between 24 and 30 per 100,000 males. The lung cancer epidemic in European females is still in its early phases in most countries, with the sole exception of Scotland (29/ 100,000, ie the highest rates in the world), the rest of the UK, Denmark, Iceland, Ireland and Hungary. With reference to colorectal cancer, the highest rates were in the Czech Republic (38/100,000 males, 21/100,000 females) and other central European countries, and the lowest in Greece, Romania and a few Republics of the former Soviet Union, as well as Finland and Sweden. The highest gastric cancer mortality rates were in the Russian Federation (41/100,000 males, 18/00,000 females), followed by a few Republics of the former Soviet Union and Portugal in Western Europe. The highest breast cancer rates (25-29 per 100,000 females) were in the UK, Belgium, Ireland, The Netherlands, Denmark and other Scandinavian countries. For overall cancer mortality, the range of variation was between 260/00,000 in Hungary and 132/00,000 in Sweden for males, and between 142/ 100,000 in Denmark and 76/00,000 in Kyrgizstan for females, ie approximately a twofold variation in both sexes.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The association between recreational physical activity and survival from breast cancer was investigated in a population-based cohort of breast cancer patients in Adelaide, South Australia. These patients, aged 20-74 years at diagnosis, had been recruited between 1982 and 1984 into a case-control study of diet, hormones and breast cancer. Of the 451 patients with breast cancer originally enrolled, 412 were followed for a median interval of 5.5 years. The study participants reported their weekly levels of light, moderate and vigorous recreational physical activity, which were then converted into estimates of kilocalories per week of energy expenditure. Despite some fluctuation in the hazard ratios by level of physical activity, there was little evidence for an association between total recreational physical activity and risk of death from breast cancer overall, or within menopausal strata. Similarly, there was little evidence for associations between individual types of recreational physical activity and risk of death from breast cancer.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID