ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is a life-threatening cancer that can have a poor prognosis with high metastatic potential. Its incidence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Its molecular alterations involve multiple pathways, including those related to p53. Since 1981, more than 380 papers containing the terms ‘p53 and melanoma’ as key words in the Abstract have been published in the literature. However, in spite of these extensive investigations, a review of p53 and associated genes in CMM is still lacking. To remedy this issue, this review seeks to provide a brief overview of p53 and discuss the genes targeted along its related pathways.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Consumption of probiotic bacteria such as bifidobacteria has been shown to reduce the risk of colon cancer in animal models. However, the composition and metabolic activities of the intestinal flora of experimental animals are significantly different from those of humans. The aim of the study was to examine whether the probiotic mixture, which consisted ofStreptococcus faecalis,Clostridium butyricumandBacillus mesentericus, could decrease DNA adduct formation induced by 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (2-amino-alpha-carboline; AAC) in the colonic epithelium of a human-flora-associated (HFA) mouse model. Ten HFA mice were divided into a control group (n=4) and a probiotic group (n=6). The control group was administered AAC for 3 days and sacrificed 24 h after the last dose. The probiotic group was administered the probiotic mixture for 2 weeks prior to the administration of AAC. Analysis of DNA adducts with the32P-high-performance liquid chromatography method was performed on stomach, jejunum and colonic epithelium, representing direct exposure sites of AAC, and colon wall, liver and kidney, representing indirect exposure sites. The mean level of the DNA adducts in the colonic epithelium of the probiotic group was significantly lower than that of control group, while the mean levels at the other sites did not differ significantly between the groups. The results indicated that the probiotic mixture could decrease the DNA adduct formation in the colonic epithelium induced by AAC.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several clinical studies have suggested that supplementation with fish oils can suppress the proliferation of colorectal mucosa and therefore inhibit the development of colorectal cancer. However, epidemiological evidence concerning fish consumption and risk is inconsistent and limited. To clarify the association between intake of fish and the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer, we conducted a large sample size case–reference study with 928 cases of colon cancer, 622 of rectal cancer and 46 886 cancer-free outpatient references aged 40–79 years. The data showed frequent raw/cooked fish intake to be associated with decreased odds ratio (OR) 0.68 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–0.99 for male colon cancer, especially for males aged over 60 years, smokers and frequent meat eaters. A marginal decrease in the OR (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.31–1.07) was also detected for female rectal cancer, especially in the regular physical exercise subgroup. However, frequent dried/salted fish intake was found to be associated with increased OR in females younger than 60 years old and alcohol drinkers. Although there is some possible bias in epidemiological studies, the results suggest that frequent raw/cooked fish intake may decrease the risk while dried/salted fish, in contrast, may exert a detrimental effect.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The degradation of extracellular matrix during cancer invasion results from the action of several protease and protease inhibitor systems. &agr;1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is a serine proteinase inhibitor produced by various tumour cells, and its plasma concentration rises during inflammation, infection and malignant diseases. AAT is found in a native, inhibitory active form, but also in other, non-inhibitory forms including cleaved and/or degraded. To test a hypothesis that AAT dependent on its molecular form may have multiple effects on tumour cell behaviour, breast cancer cells, MDA-MB 468, were cultured alone or stimulated with a native AAT or its C-terminal fragment (C-36) at a concentration of 5 μmol/l for 2, 24 and 48 hours. Native AAT added to the cells for 2 hours enhanced transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF&bgr;1) levels by 50%, but inhibited cell proliferation (by 61%), reduced interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels (by 87%) and activity (by about 66%), compared with non-stimulated cells. Native AAT showed similar, but less pronounced, effects when added to the cells for 24 and 48 hours. Under the same experimental conditions the cells exposed to the C-36 peptide significantly increased in proliferation, invasiveness and showed higher IL-6 levels. In addition, cells treated with the C-36 for 48 hours increased in NFκB (nuclear factor kappa B) activity. These results indicate that AAT, dependent on its molecular form, can both suppress and induce breast tumour cell biological activityin vitro.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The completeness of skin cancer registration in the Yorkshire region was evaluated for the year 1994 by the independent case ascertainment method. Patients diagnosed with skin cancer were identified from regional pathology laboratories, inpatient and outpatient hospital departments and general practices, and were matched against records held by the Northern and Yorkshire Cancer Registry and Information Services (NYCRIS). Out of 5987 skin cancer cases identified from 14 pathology laboratories, 123 general practices, 16 NHS Trusts inpatient databases and 7 dermatology outpatient departments, 83.5% had a matching record on the Cancer Register. The proportion of registered malignant melanoma (MM) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) cases were 87.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 84.0–90.4) and 83.1% (95% CI 81.9–84.2) respectively. Skin cancers found in the pathology laboratories, the main notification sources of the registry, were under-ascertained by 15% (10% MM and 15% NMSC). Cases identified from general practices had a significantly lower proportion of matching registry records in comparison with other information sources. No record of histological confirmation could be found for 11% MM and 13% NMSC. Complete capture of pathology laboratory information, histological confirmation of all lesions suspected of skin cancer and routine receipt of hospital patient administration system information supplementary to that from pathology laboratories are measures that would provide the most substantial improvement to ascertainment of skin cancer data.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Between 1996 and 1999, we carried out a study in Southern India on risk factors for oral cancer. The study included 591 incident cases of cancer of the oral cavity (282 women) and 582 hospital controls (290 women). Height was unrelated to oral cancer risk. Body mass index (weight in kilograms/height in metres squared) was inversely associated with risk (Pfor trend<0.001). Paan chewers with low BMI were at particularly high risk. Risk was increased among subjects consuming meat (odds ratio (OR) 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.37), ham and salami (OR 4.40, 95% CI 2.88–6.71) two or more times per week. Frequent consumption of fish, eggs, raw green vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, carrots, pulses, apples or pears, citrus fruit, and overall consumption of vegetables and fruit decreased oral cancer risk (Pfor trend for each of these items less than or equal to 0.001). The risk associated with low consumption of vegetables was higher among smokers than among non-smokers. Men, but not women, who practised oral sex had an increased oral cancer risk (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.15–8.63). Women with more than one sexual partner during life were at increased oral cancer risk (OR 9.93, 95% CI 1.57–62.9).

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of the study was to investigate the variations in prostate cancer prognosis during a period of major diagnostic change, such as the introduction of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Data were provided by 14 Italian cancer registries (CRs). Incidence and follow-up information was collected for patients diagnosed from 1978 to 1994. Relative survival was computed taking into account incidence period, age, tumour stage and grade at diagnosis. A multivariate analysis was carried out to evaluate the independent simultaneous effect on survival of some prognostic determinants. A large geographical variability was observed: in 1993–1994 Italian survival rates ranged from 76% to 52%, with a north–south gradient. A striking prognostic improvement (up to +27 percentage points) between the late 1980s and the early 1990s occurred in almost all CRs, particularly with regard to younger patients. Multivariate analysis showed a strong influence of incidence period on survival, also after correction by tumour stage. The slowdown of metastatic cancers suggests that the survival improvement could be due both to the introduction of an effective opportunistic screening and to a quantitative change in the application of clinical treatment, even if the effect of the lead-time bias phenomenon has to be taken into account.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Every cancer registry should be able to quantify the level of completeness of registration. The current study describes a routine quality control procedure in the Estonian Cancer Registry (ECR) for assessing the completeness of registration. The registry's database was compared with the databases of the Tartu University Lung Clinic and the Maarjamõisa Hospital of the Tartu University Clinics, and active retrieval to obtain missing cancer cases diagnosed in 1998 was carried out. The overall completeness of case ascertainment based on this study was 90.8%. As a result of this procedure, 67 cases of malignant neoplasms (1.1% of the total number of incident cancer cases for 1998) and 11 cases of other reportable neoplasms were detected and recorded at the ECR. Cancers of the lung, thyroid gland and prostate were most frequently under-notified. For these sites, the number of cancer cases for 1998 for Estonia as a whole increased 2.6%, 11.8% and 2.2%, respectively. To conclude, the existence of electronic databases is a positive development, but cancer registrars still need to employ labour-intensive methods to validate diagnostic codes and to decide whether to include in the ECR cases found by active retrieval. Based on the findings of our study, which is the first one of its kind in Estonia, the completeness of cancer reporting varied by cancer site, and it appeared to be a substantial concern for several sites.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Educative interventions to promote primary prevention of cancer (PPC) should be based on psychosocial models and be tailored to attitude. Attitude is a difficult variable to measure. The aim of this study was to draw up a questionnaire to evaluate the attitude to PPC of relatives of patients affected by cancer. An interview of 48 patients, who answered open questions, allowed 67 items to be drawn up. Three hundred and fifty-five people answered the self-administered questionnaire of 67 items (69 of them did it twice, with an interval of 2 weeks). The factorial analysis revealed five factors that explain the 36% total and the 115% common estimated variance. The Cronbach's &agr; oscillated between 0.80 and 0.93. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.7721 (95% CI (confidence interval) 0.6311–0.8592,P<0.0001). The analysis based on Samejima's model ordered the items according to their discriminating power and the difficulty/ease with which people agree with the most preventive option. The average scores obtained in both surveys of 69 people did not show significant statistical differences (P=0.195). The definitive questionnaire obtained has 63 items that measure attitude to PPC behaviour in a reliable and stable way.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID