ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An increased risk for gastric cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis has recently been reported in epidemiological studies. The present endoscopic study was performed to further evaluate whether people with cirrhosis are at increased risk for gastric cancer development. We reviewed the medical records of all cirrhotic patients referred to our Endoscopic Service for portal hypertension screening and, therefore, cases of latent gastric cancer were observed. For a comparison, the prevalence (age and sex standardized) of latent gastric cancer in the general population was estimated hypothesizing a latency period of 5 years. Overall, 1379 patients with cirrhosis were selected from a total of 15 791 endoscopically examined different patients observed during the period 1982−1997. Histological assessment revealed the presence of gastric cancer in 10 patients (9 males and 1 female). There was a significant 2.6-fold (P<0.01) increase in prevalence of gastric cancer compared with that expected in our cirrhotic patients. In conclusion, our findings confirm that liver cirrhosis would seem to be a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Other studies are needed to evaluate the pathogenic mechanisms involved.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case–control study in a population from the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey was performed to evaluate the risk of gastric cancer development in patients with gastric cancer reporting gastric cancer or other organ cancer history in their parents. Gastric cancer and/or other organ cancer history in the parents were found in 215 of 1240 patients with gastric cancer versus 73 of 1240 controls (odds ratio (OR) 3.35,P<0.001). The frequency of gastric cancer history among the parents was significantly different between the patients and the controls (148 versus 25, respectively; OR 6.59,P<0.001). The frequency of other organ cancer history was not significantly different between the patients and the controls (63 versus 48, respectively; OR 1.33,P>0.05). The frequency of gastric cancer history was significantly higher than the frequency of other organ cancer history in the parents of the patients (OR 4.51,P<0.001). Gastric cancer history was significantly higher in first- to third-degree relatives of the patients reporting gastric cancer and/or other organ cancer history in their parents than in the controls (OR 14.72,P<0.001). Familial clustering of gastric cancer defined by the presence of at least four cancer cases in family members, including parents, was reported by 12% of the patients. Overall, the result of this study of gastric cancer and other organ cancer history in the parents of patients with gastric cancer may suggest a genetic susceptibility for gastric carcinoma. A high risk of gastric cancer occurred in subjects reporting a gastric cancer history in their parents, and there was a higher predisposition to gastric cancer compared with other organ cancer in relatives and a familial clustering of the disease.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Most of our knowledge on the epidemiology of carcinoid tumours in the USA relies on studies updated during the 1980s. The aim of this study was to describe USA population-based case-series incidence in the period 1992–1999. Data were retrieved from a Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program public-use file. Incidence rates, male-to-female standardized ratios, estimated annual percentage changes and 5-year relative survival rates were computed, and 6830 malignant carcinoid incident during 1992–1999 were analysed. The overall age-adjusted incidence rates were 1.9 per 100 000 for men and women. There was an excess in women for lung and stomach carcinoids, while rates were higher among men for carcinoids of the small intestine and rectum. From 1992 to 1999, incidence rates showed a 3% estimated annual increase. Thirteen per cent of the cases had metastasis at diagnosis. In the present series, 24% of carcinoid patients had more than one tumour. The overall 5-year relative survival rate was 82%. In conclusion, improvements in diagnostic techniques seem to have influenced the epidemiology of carcinoid tumours, leading to a slightly different site distribution and a better stage distribution at diagnosis. Increasing incidence and improving survival rates were shown.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and garlic (Allium cepa) are important constituents of the human diet. Compounds like diallyl sulfides, diallyl disulfides and quercetin, which are active components of garlic, have known anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic activities. Similarly, active components in tomato, such as kaempferol and chlorogenic acid, have antimutagenic activities and lycopene is the most active oxygen quencher with potential chemopreventive activities. In view of this, an endeavour was made to evaluate the anticarcinogenic effect, if any, of tomato and garlic consumption individually and in combination on azoxymethane-induced colonic precancerous lesion, the aberrant crypt foci in animal model. Sprague-Dawley rats (4–5 weeks old) were injected with azoxymethane (15 mg/kg b.w.) and orally administered with 2% (w/v) of tomato, garlic and a combination of both. After 12 weeks of first azoxymethane injection, colons were assessed for aberrant crypt foci and compared with the carcinogen control group. Lipid peroxidation level and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity were assessed in liver as well as in colon. Furthermore,in situcell proliferation and apoptosis were estimated using the Brdu incorporation method and TUNEL method respectively. It was observed that aberrant crypt foci were reduced in all treated groups (by 32.11% in garlic, by 76.14% in tomato and by 55.96% in the combination group). Among treated groups, GST activity was found to be induced in both liver and colon, whereas considerable reduction in lipid peroxidation level was observed in liver as well as in colon with respect to the carcinogen control group. Significant reduction in Brdu labelling index and increase in apoptotic index in colon was noted in the treated groups. These results suggest that tomato and garlic suspensions have a protective effect on colon carcinogenesis, which is mediated by modulation of different biological pathways during carcinogenesis.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The widespread use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test had a great impact on the rise of incidence of prostate cancer. The magnitude of opportunistic screening by PSA varies across countries, being highest in the US, and considerably lower in Europe. To estimate the opportunistic use of PSA over the period of one year (2000) in the District of Florence, we analysed the Regional Database of diagnostic exams. According to the Regional Database, subjects having at least one PSA test during the year 2000 ranged from 5.8 to 6.7%, 8.8–10.8%, 11.7–15.0%, 16.5–22.3%, 18.0–24.3%, 17.0–23.8% and 14.1–18.3% in the 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–79 and >79 years age groups, respectively. Minimum and maximum values are reported according to exclusion or inclusion of PSA determinations with incomplete subject identification data. Such a high use of PSA should deserve special attention from both the medical and health care provider community. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of opportunistic screening by PSA in the District of Florence in the general population.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several genetic alterations have been associated with sporadic prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, the association betweenRsaIandDraIpolymorphisms ofCYP2E1and PCa risk was analysed in a case–control study of 227 individuals using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RegardingDraIpolymorphisms, the DD genotype is over-represented in PCa cases when compared with the control group (odds ratio (OR) 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–4.05;P=0.022). Regarding theRsaIpolymorphism, no significant differences were found. The results of this study indicate thatDraIpolymorphisms of theCYP2E1gene may be associated with a twofold increased risk for the development of PCa.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We compared short-term indicators for service mammography screening in Europe. Data were available from 17 programmes, although not all programmes provided a comprehensive reporting. More than 90% of the target population had been screened within the last 3 years in the WE trial, whereas only two-thirds of women in England and Copenhagen had been screened within the last 3 years, which will delay or reduce the effect of screening compared with the trial. Participation was highest in sparsely populated areas. Detection rates at first screen reached three times the baseline in Copenhagen, the Netherlands and North-West England. The clinical characteristics of screen-detected cases were badly reported. Given their importance for the long-term effect of screening, further data are warranted. Sensitivity and specificity could be measured only indirectly; they showed, however, considerable variation between programmes. Fyn, Florence and Stockholm had succeeded in combining high specificity with high sensitivity. With different recall policies, different proportions of women will experience a false-positive test; expected numbers after three screens were 14%, 10% and 1%, for England, Copenhagen and the Netherlands, respectively. Based on the observed wide variation in short-term indicators, a similar wide variation is expected in the effect of screening on breast cancer mortality.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The availability of published data from organized cervical screening programmes in southern Europe is scant. In the Italian area of Romagna, a first round of organized screening (based on a 3-yearly Pap smear for women aged 25–64 years) was initiated between December 1995 and January 1997 and was completed in an average of 42 months (range 36–48 months). The target population included 305 478 women. Of these, 253 949 were eligible and received a personal letter of invitation. Age-specific screening performance indicators were calculated according to standard methods. The response rate within 6 months of invitation was 49.1% (n=124 621). The total participation rate including women who presented later was 61.7% (n=156 735). The recall rate was 35.2 per 1000 of participants (n=5514). Positive cytology results were distributed as follows: atypical squamous cells of un-determined significance/atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS/AGUS) 40.1%, low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (LGSIL) 48.6%, high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HGSIL) 10.7% and carcinoma 0.7%. Compliance to colposcopy follow-up was 93.4% (n=5149). The biopsy rate was 52.4% (n=2696) of patients undergoing colposcopy. The detection rate was 4.5 per 1000 of participants (n=707) for CIN2–3 and 0.5 (n=75) for invasive carcinoma. The proportion of microinvasive carcinomas was 36.0% (n=27). The positive predictive value for CIN2–3/carcinoma was 5.8% for the cytology reports of ASCUS/AGUS, 7.6% for those of LGSIL, 76.5% for those of HGSIL, and 100.0% for those of carcinoma (80.4% for combined HGSIL/carcinoma). The ratio of observed to expected (or prevalent to incident) cases of invasive carcinoma was 2.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85–2.95). In conclusion, most early results of the programme were compatible with an acceptable performance.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is evidence that the insulin-like growth factor system (IGF), particularly IGF-I, is important in human carcinogenesis. We studied in a general, though not strictly random population sample of 620 adults, the relationship of IGF-I to demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors, the latter ascertained through an extensive validated questionnaire. Plasma IGF-I levels declined significantly with age and the decline was more evident among women than among men. Tobacco smoking, body mass index and regular physical activity were unrelated to this hormone and a positive association with height was not statistically significant. Neither protein nor carbohydrate intake was related to plasma IGF-I levels but there was inconsistent evidence that ethanol intake may be inversely associated with plasma IGF-I and saturated and polyunsaturated lipids may be positively associated with it. The findings are evaluated in conjunction with evidence indicating that the incidence of cancer is lower among women than among men, height is a risk factor for several forms of cancer, and saturated and polyunsaturated lipids have been more closely linked to human and animal carcinogenesis than monounsaturated lipids.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID