ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We used the nation-wide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to analyse cancer risks in men who had had children with more than one woman. Cancer cases were retrieved from the Swedish Cancer Registry from years 1961–1998. A total of 2.9 million men and 298 134 cancer cases were covered. For men having children with two, three or more women, increasing risk trends were shown for upper aerodigestive tract, lung, urinary bladder and oesophageal cancers. Decreasing trends were observed for tumours of the colon, skin (squamous cell and melanoma), nervous system and endocrine glands and against myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The present results indicated that men who had had children with multiple women showed an excess of smoking- and alcohol consumption-related cancers. The decreased risks for colon cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and melanoma were possibly related to lifestyle factors connected with economic deprivation, less obesity and physical fitness. These ill-defined protected factors may be a challenge to epidemiological studies.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Reliable information about comparative cancer incidence in the Middle East has been lacking. The Middle East Cancer Consortium (MECC) has formed a network of population-based registries with standardized basic data. Here the age-adjusted cancer incidences are compared for four populations: Israeli Jews, Israeli non-Jews, Jordanians and the US Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) population, for the years 1996–1997 (Israel) and 1996–1998 (other populations). The all-sites rate of cancer is approximately twice as high in Israeli Jews and SEER, compared with Israeli non-Jews and Jordanians. Rates of lung cancer are similar among Israeli Jews and non-Jews and about twice as high as in Jordanians. Childhood leukaemia rates in Jordan are higher than in Israeli Jews, but lower than SEER. Hodgkin lymphoma rates in Israeli non-Jews and Jordanians are similar to SEER, but non-Hodgkin lymphoma rates are lower than SEER. The previous suspicion of higher overall leukaemia and lymphoma rates in Jordan is thus not confirmed.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study aims at documenting differentials in the cancer mortality profile of European countries during the recent process of intense geo-political transformations. The World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe provided information on cancer mortality and several covariates for each country. In contrast with the European Union and Nordic countries, Central and Eastern Europe presented higher current levels and increasing trend of cancer mortality. Age-standardized rates for overall cancer mortality increased at an annual average of 2.43% in Central and Eastern European countries during the period from 1980 to 2001, while the European Union, Nordic countries and Switzerland underwent an average decrease of 7.27% per year. Trends in cancer death rates were associated with indices of welfare and socio-economic status at the country level: gross national product, health expenditure, unemployment, food intake, smoking habits and air pollution. Concurrent with this observation, we registered an extended gap in standings for these figures between richer and poorer European countries. These observations suggest that part of cancer mortality in Central and Eastern Europe could be prevented with current technology and health promotion. The drop of rates in Nordic and Western European countries indicates a progress in cancer control that, regrettably, does not hold for the whole Continent.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of the study was to examine recent lung cancer mortality trends in Montenegro in the period 1976–2000, with special emphasis on correlation with tobacco consumption. A population-based study analysing lung cancer mortality in Montenegro in the period 1976–2000 was carried out. Mortality rates were adjusted by direct method. A cohort analysis of age-specific death rates was performed. The analysis of tobacco consumption (cigarettes consumption per capita) was based on the official data for the period 1965–1990. Linear regression coefficients in a time trends analysis of mortality rates and tobacco consumption were assessed using Fisher's test. The highest average standardized lung cancer mortality rates in Montenegro increased in each successive five-year period for both sexes from 1976 to 2000, with highest values in the last five years (1996–2000). In males the death rate has almost doubled, and in females it was nearly three-fold higher. In the cohort analysis of age-specific death rates, all age groups in the birth cohort born before 1911 had a higher lung cancer mortality risk than those in the birth cohort comprising those born between 1912 and 1931. The rates showed an increasing tendency in all age groups irrespective of sex, except in males in the 25–44 age group. The time analysis of lung cancer mortality rates for the period 1976–2000, revealed annual changes of 3% for males and 6.6% for females, respectively. During the period observed the consumption of cigarettes increased by 98.2% (from 1.064 kg per capita in 1965 to 2.109 kg per capita in 1990). The significant increasing tendency in cigarette consumption was registered (y=1.10+0.05x,P=0.001). A significant correlation between lung cancer mortality rates and cigarette consumption is also observed (r=0.427,P=0.037). Smoking trends up to the 1990s in Montenegro, indicate that one can expect lung cancer mortality rates to continue to increase in males but even more so in females.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The association between stress and breast cancer has been studied, mostly using case-control designs, but rarely examined prospectively. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of stress as a predictor of subsequent breast cancer. A representative cohort of 1 462 Swedish women aged 38–60 years were followed for 24 years. Stress experience at a baseline examination in 1968–69 was analysed in relation to incidence of breast cancer with proportional hazards regression. Women reporting experience of stress during the five years preceding the first examination displayed a two-fold rate of breast cancer compared with women reporting no stress (age-adjusted relative risk 2.1; 95% CI [1.2–3.7]). This association was independent of potential confounders including reproductive and lifestyle factors. In conclusion, the significant, positive relationship between stress and breast cancer in this prospective study is based on information that is unbiased with respect to knowledge of disease, and can be regarded as more valid than results drawn from case-control studies.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We investigated clinical efficacy of green tea extracts (polyphenon E; poly E and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate [EGCG]) delivered in a form of ointment or capsule in patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) infected cervical lesions. Fifty-one patients with cervical lesions (chronic cervicitis, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia) were divided into four groups, as compared with 39 untreated patients as a control. Poly E ointment was applied locally to 27 patients twice a week. For oral delivery, a 200 mg of poly E or EGCG capsule was taken orally every day for eight to 12 weeks. In the study, 20 out of 27 patients (74%) under poly E ointment therapy showed a response. Six out of eight patients under poly E ointment plus poly E capsule therapy (75%) showed a response, and three out of six patients (50%) under poly E capsule therapy showed a response. Six out of 10 patients (60%) under EGCG capsule therapy showed a response. Overall, a 69% response rate (35/51) was noted for treatment with green tea extracts, as compared with a 10% response rate (4/39) in untreated controls (P<0.05). Thus, the data collected here demonstrated that green tea extracts in a form of ointment and capsule are effective for treating cervical lesions, suggesting that green tea extracts can be a potential therapy regimen for patients with HPV infected cervical lesions.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Green tea (GT) drinking showed chemopreventive effects on various cancers. In addition, inhibition of CYP1A activity by green tea components—polyphenols—has been suggested as a chemoprevention against carcinogens that were bioactivated by CYP1As. Therefore, any changes in hepatic CYP1As may be considered as a biomarker for GT chemoprevention and clarify whether whole GT is chemopreventive for the population who are exposed to CYP1A specifically-bioactivated carcinogens. In this study, we investigated the changes in CYP1A levels by pre- and concurrent GT drinking against a CYP1A-inducing carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), in aryl hydrocarbon receptor responsive C57 BL/6 mice. We found that GT drinking itself induced hepatic CYP1As and enhanced MC-induced ethoxyresorufin-O-demethylase (EROD) activity (P<0.05). However, our studies of CYP1A monoclonal antibody and western blots revealed that the enhanced hepatic EROD activity by GT did not come from CYP1As. Therefore, our results suggest that GT may work to biotransform CYP1A inducing carcinogens into non-carcinogenic metabolites by modulation of other microsomal enzymes rather than CYP1As. In addition, the mechanism of GT chemoprevention may be different from that of GT components, such as polyphenols that reduce CYP1As activity.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A question prompt list (QPL) is a structured list of questions designed to encourage patients to acquire information during a medical consultation. It has been shown to be an effective, inexpensive means of helping cancer patients ask questions in certain content areas when consulting an oncologist. The objective of this study was to develop a QPL for cancer patients seeing a surgeon initially, targeting issues identified by patients as important. Focus groups and structured interviews were convened with 22 cancer patients. One focus group was conducted with allied health professionals. Focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed and content analysed to ensure all issues were identified. The results led to the identification of 59 questions covering five themes. We have grouped the questions under the following themes: preliminary negotiation and discussion of diagnosis and its implications; further investigations—why and how; am I seeing the right doctor—who else should I see?; treatment information and options; and support. Participants believed that the QPL would be useful not only during diagnosis and discussions regarding the surgical care but also subsequently. Patients felt that provision and endorsement of a QPL would assist them to achieve their information needs and participation preferences.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The short-term effects of rye bran bread intake in prostate cancer were investigated. Ten men with conservatively treated prostate cancer were randomised to a daily supplement of 295 g of rye bran bread and eight men to 275 g of wheat bread (control) with similar fibre content for three weeks. Blood samples, ultrasound-guided core biopsies of the prostate, and urine samples were taken. In the rye group, there was a significant increase in plasma enterolactone, and the apoptotic index increased significantly from 2.1% (SD 1.3) to 5.9% (SD 1.8),P<0.005 as measured by a TUNEL index in four cases in the rye group and seven cases in the control group. Besides a significant decrease in weight in both groups, only small changes were observed in plasma concentrations of prostate specific antigen (PSA), circulating sex hormones, excreted oestrogens, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and in the endothelial fibrinolytical system. High intake of rye bran bread is suggested to increase apoptosis in prostate tumours.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID