ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This retrospective case-control study of 56 cases and 56 controls measured extra low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields between 2000 h and 0800 h in the bedplaces of children with leukaemia. Mean ELF electric field (E-field) levels found in case homes of 13.9 Vm-1(SD: 13.6) were significantly higher (P< 0.01) compared with only 7.3 Vm-1(SD: 12.9) in controls matched for age and sex. Moreover, applying conditional logistic regression, a dose-response relationship emerged between E-field exposure and incidence: above 20 Vm-1the relative risk was 4.69 (95% CI: 1.17–27.78;P= 0.025), whereas at levels of 10–19 Vm-1it was 2.40 (95% CI: 0.79–8.09) and at levels of 5–9 Vm-1it was only 1.46 (95% CI: 0.47–5.10). By contrast, similar readings of the rms ELF magnetic field found no significant case-control differences: mean levels in cases' homes of 0.070 μT (SD: 0.070) compared with 0.057 μT (SD: 0.038) in controls. Although there were imperfections in the study design, it is concluded that the importance of the E-field may have been overlooked in epidemiological studies to date.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relation between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk was investigated in a multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy on 2,569 women with incident, histologically confirmed breast cancer and 2,588 control women admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-hormonal, non-gynaecological or smoking-related conditions. Compared with women who had never smoked, current smokers had a multivariate odds ratio (OR) of 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7–1.0) and former smokers an OR of 1.14 (5% CI 0.9–1.4), while the OR for evervsnever smokers was 0.93 (95% CI 0.8–1.1). The ORs were 1.02 for < 5 cigarettes per day, 0.99 for 5–14 cigarettes per day, 0.78 for 15–24 cigarettes per day and 1.18 for > 25 cigarettes per day. No consistent pattern of risk was observed according to duration of smoking, age at starting and time since starting smoking. Compared with never smokers, former smokers had ORs of 1.45 for < 3 years since stopping smoking, 1.79 for 3–6 years, 1.16 for 7–15 years and 0.74 for > 16 years. No heterogeneity emerged across strata of selected covariates. Thus, this study, one of the largest conducted in Europe to date, does not support the presence of any association of practical importance between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Mail surveys have been used to follow-up early participants in a Canadian breast cancer prevention trial. To minimize non-response bias, we undertook a randomized study of two postal strategies, of which one was our usual procedure and the other was a systematic application, known as the total design method (TDM) and described by Dillman. The response rates to the two methods were 62 and 88% respectively. The TDM is a practical, cost-efficient approach to reducing non-response bias in postal surveys and as such has an important role in epidemiological research which involves healthy participants.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of pS2 protein expression in premalignant and malignant lesions of gastric epithelium. We analysed, by immunohistochemistry, the pS2 expression in six samples of normal gastric mucosa, 18 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia (IM), 10 hyperplastic polyps, 11 adenomatous polyps and 50 gastric carcinomas, together with the respective samples of adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa. pS2 is expressed throughout foveolar and superficial epithelium of normal gastric mucosa and this pattern is retained in chronic atrophic gastritis out of IM lesions. pS2 expression is confined to goblet cells in complete IM and occurs both in goblet and columnar cells in incomplete IM. Hyperplastic polyps displayed significantly higher pS2 expression than adenomatous polyps. In gastric carcinomas, pS2 expression was observed in 66.0% of cases, being significantly higher in diffuse (88.9%) than intestinal type carcinomas (53.6%). A subset of carcinomas of the latter group displayed pS2 immunoreactivity in a high percentage of cells with a pattern similar to that of hyperplastic polyps. Our results demonstrate there are major changes in pS2 expression, which can be used as a marker of gastric-type differentiation during the process of gastric carcinogenesis, and support the existence of at least two pathways of malignant transformation of gastric mucosa: one via intestinal metaplasia and adenomatous dysplasia, leading to glandular carcinomas with intestinal-type differentiation, the other via hyperplastic changes orde novochanges, leading to diffuse carcinomas and to a subset of glandular carcinomas displaying gastric-type differentiation.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a population study for colorectal neoplasia possible relationships were sought between faecal occult bleeding and clinical findings. Samples were taken from three different stools, collected during biennial screening from 1985 to 1994 in the age group 45–75 years at the beginning of the study. A total of 943 persons had positive Haemoccult-II (H-II) tests in at least one of the five screening rounds, and 87% had a complete colonoscopy. Of the 20,672 persons accepting initial screening, 1% had a positive test, the figure increasing to 1.8% during the fifth screen. The degree of positivity (1–3 slides) decreased with time. Positive tests were most frequent in men. Predictive values (PVpos) for colorectal cancer (CRC) increased with increasing number of positive slides from 6 to 31%. The average PVposdecreased from 17% during the initial screen to 8% during the fifth. Average PVposfor possible precursors (adenomas) varied from 40% at the beginning to 33% at the end. PVposfor CRC and inflammatory bowel disease increased when visible blood in the stools was present. Marcoumar increased PVposfor adenomas. Colorectal examination in the 943 persons revealed 114 persons with CRC and further 377 with adenomas. Early CRC (Dukes' stage A) was detected in 46 of the 114 with CRC, a more favourable distribution than that found in symptomatic patients. The study defined a group of people with a high risk of colorectal neoplasia, with a good prognosis, out of a group who had been selected at random from a normal population.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study aimed to evaluate survival in 2,339 colorectal cancer patients diagnosed in 1985–87 in the province of Florence, where the Tuscany Tumour Registry is active. The effect of sex, site (colon, rectum), sub-site, disease diffusion (localized, regional, distant, unspecified), year of diagnosis, place of residence (municipalities involved in the screening programme, Florence, others) and source of diagnosis (Center for the Study and Prevention of Cancer—CSPO, others) were evaluated. Five-year observed and relative survivals were 37.9 and 48.1% respectively. Five-year prognosis was worse in men, in older age groups, in advanced stages and in patients not diagnosed at the CSPO. No differences were shown in residents of municipalities involved in the screening programme. Relative 5-year survival in Florence was among the highest in Europe for cancers of both the colon and the rectum. Sex, age, disease diffusion and source of diagnosis showed an independent prognostic effect. The effect of screening was not evident, probably due to the low compliance during the period under study and to the use of a low sensitivity test.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This descriptive, cross-sectional study reports the anti-oxidant activities of a population sample of 736 individuals, randomly selected from residents of two small towns of the Latina province of Italy (an area at low frequency of cancer). The circulating levels of vitamins A, C and E, ceruloplasmin, carotenoids (lutein + zeaxanthin, lycopene, α-and β-carotene, cryptoxanthin), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as anthropometric measurements (skin-folds, height, weight) were evaluated. A dietary interview was also performed by means of a semi-quantitative questionnaire. All the anti-oxidants were above the cut-off points for normality, whereas body mass index, % fat and serum lipids were not clearly suggestive of a protected population. The data obtained could be useful to estimate the baseline values of protective microelements and to assess dietary profiles in populations following a Mediterranean diet.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID