ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A community-wide health education programme for the prevention and early detection of cancer was performed in the Krayot municipalities, north of Haifa, Israel, during the years 1985–86. In order to assess its effectiveness, an evaluation programme was conducted. The knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of women who had been exposed to the education programme and of a control group, were compared before the programme started and 2.5 years later, after it ended. The programme was conducted in five clinics and included changes in the functioning of the clinics and their teams to be used in the interaction with the insured women. A piloted questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of these women. Emphasis was placed on smoking, sun tanning, self-examination of breast and other aspects of possible early detection of cancer. The education programme was ineffective not only with regard to behaviour but also in relation to knowledge on the relationship between health behaviour and cancer. The need for the establishment of more effective means for health education is eminent. If health education programmes are to succeed, we must understand what motivates or prevents compliance with recommended health behaviour.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case-control study of the role of diet in the cause of breast cancer was conducted between 1988 and 1991 in Navarra. North Spain; 100 women with breast cancer and 100 hospital controls admitted during the same period were interviewed, using a food frequency-consumption questionnaire. Cases reported significantly lower consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish; relative risk (RR) for persons in the lowest tertile of consumers was: fruits. RR = 3.83. confidence limit (CL) = 9.12–1.66,P= 0.01; vegetables, RR = 1.92, CL = 4.57–0.80,P= 0.09; fish. RR = 0.32. CL = 6.31–0.83,P= 0.05. The risk increased for persons in the highest tertile of processed meat intake. RR = 3.20.P= 0.05. Nutrient intakes for individuals were estimated by multiplying the nutrient content of a selected typical portion size for each specified food item by the frequency that the food was used per month, and adding these estimates for all food items. Cases reported significantly less frequent consumption of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and monounsaturated fatty acid; after controlling for total calorie intake, the RR was estimated for consumption of vitamin C (RR = 0.40, CL = 0.2–0.9), and monounsaturated fatty acid (RR = 0.30, CL = 0.1–1.08).

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We assessed the validity of information reported by patients with breast cancer on cancer in first- and second-degree relatives. In Toronto, Canada, 165 patients completed mailed questionnaires about cancer in relatives and were then interviewed in person. Their reports were compared with relatives' hospital records, cancer registry or death records for presence of cancer, site and age at diagnosis. Questionnaire and interview reports agreed with records for 82–96% of reports on first-degree and 48–80% on second-degree relatives. Pro band reports of cancer sites in first-degree relatives were generally accurate (breast 99%, ovary 100%, prostate 85%, colon 93%). Reports of cancer sites in second-degree relatives were accurate for prostate cancer but only for 85% of breast and 72% of colon cancers. Age at diagnosis of breast cancer was correct in 92% of cases in first-degree and 54% in second-degree relatives. The interview contributed additional information about the presence of cancer in second-degree relatives, and the site and age at diagnosis in first- and second-degree relatives. In a similar population the questionnaire alone should yield adequate data for identifying families that warrant further investigation.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We analysed data from a case-control study in the Netherlands in order to investigate whether reproductive events and hormonal factors are similarly related to colon cancer risk in men and women after adjustment for dietary factors. In total, 232 colon cancer cases (102 women, 130 men) and 259 controls (123 women, 136 men) were interviewed about life style, medical conditions and usual dietary patterns, using a structured dietary history technique. In women, age at first childbirth was positively associated with colon cancer risk (odds ratio (OR) age ≥ 26vs< 26 years, 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9–3.3). Women with three or more children were at reduced risk compared with women with one or two children (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3–1.1). When women had had their first child after the age of 26 years, parity was observed to be important (for one or two childrenvs≥ three children: OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1–7.0). For men, opposite but non-significant associations were found. Adjustment for dietary patterns and other risk factors did not change the estimates markedly. Of the hormonal factors, late age at menarche decreased risk (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.9) while late age at natural menopause slightly increased risk. Our study provides additional support for the role of reproductive status in the aetiology of colon cancer in women, independently of dietary factors.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Abnormal intestinal crypt cell proliferation is considered to be an important early risk marker for colorectal cancer but measurement of the rate and spatial distribution of cell division by histochemical localization of DNA synthesis is labour-intensive and expensive. We developed and evaluated a simpler technique for measurement of these parameters using direct visual analysis of mitotic figures in microdissected crypts. The direct crypt analysis technique was applied to colorectal biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis or no mucosal abnormality. A characteristic shift of cell division toward the intestinal lumen was detected in patients with ulcerative colitis. The direct method was validated using rats fed diets containing cellulose, or guar gum to stimulate mucosal cell proliferation. The crypt cell proliferation rate (CCPR) was measured by the metaphase-arrest technique and the results were compared with direct crypt analysis. There was a fivefold range of CCPR values at three sampling sites across the dietary groups. An excellent linear correlation between the results by the two techniques was obtained (r = 0.98;P< 0.001). In a second experiment the spatial distribution of dividing cells between five zones in colonic crypts, determined by the new method or by staining with BrdU, was compared. Good agreement was again achieved. Visual analysis of intact crypts is a valid technique for the measurement of crypt cell cytokinetics and it is particularly suited for use in a clinical environment.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Data on thyroid cancer incidence and mortality from the national cancer registry in Slovakia have been analysed for 1968–90, representing one of the first such descriptive epidemiological studies from Eastern Europe. The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over this period, particularly among women, from approximately 1.5 to 2.5 per 100,000. These increases occurred primarily in papillary carcinomas, and to a lesser extent follicular carcinomas; the greatest proportional increase was in the younger age groups. In contrast to data reported from other areas, mortality also increased over the same period. The reasons for such increases are not evident, but the increases in mortality certainly indicate the potential for improvements in the treatment of thyroid cancer in Slovakia, as well as further study on the aetiological factors involved in the disease.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is no adequate information on the carcinogenicity of coffee and, specifically, on a potential association of coffee drinking with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Consumption of coffee and other methylxanthine-containing beverages has been researched in a case-control study conducted in northern Italy. A total of 429 cases of incident historically confirmed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 1,157 controls in hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-immunological, non-digestive tract diseases were interviewed during their hospital stay. Relative risk (RR) estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), according to consumption of coffee and other methylxanthine-containing beverages, were derived from multiple logistic regression equations including terms for age, sex, study centre, body mass index, alcohol and smoking status. Compared with non-drinkers, the RR was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.8–1.7) for coffee drinkers. No trend in risk emerged with number of cups of coffee consumed/day (RR = 1.1 for one and three cups; RR =1.2 for two; or RR = 0.9 for four cups/day), or duration of coffee intake (RR = 1.2 for less than 20 years; RR = 1.3 for 21–30 years; and RR = 1.1 for more than 30 years). Similarly, no significant association was observed with consumption of decaffeinated coffee (RR = 0.9) or tea (RR = 1.2). Consumption of cola was associated with a borderline risk (RR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.0–2.7). We found no association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and consumption of regular or decaffeinated coffee and tea.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID