ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The incidence rate of breast cancer varies worldwide, with the rate of Japanese and other Asian women only being a third to a half of that for Caucasian women. Recent research has suggested that consumption of phytoestrogen-rich foods may reduce breast-cancer risk. Most epidemiologic studies have involved Asian populations and some studies have shown a substantial reduction in breast-cancer risk (17–73%) in these populations. These results were also observed in countries where the level of consumption of traditional soy foods is low.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

While the role of exposure to asbestos in the development of several cancers such as mesotheliomas and bronchopulmonary cancers is now well established, the possible relationship between digestive cancers, other than peritoneal mesotheliomas, and occupational exposure to asbestos is still controversial. The great majority of the studies are based on mortality data. The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between digestive cancer incidence and occupational exposure to asbestos in a population of subjects for whom precise occupational exposure data and precise incidence data were available. The population consisted of salaried and retired workers from a company using asbestos to manufacture fireproof textiles and friction materials. There were 1454 men (79.9%) and 366 women (20.1%). A cumulative exposure index and a mean exposure concentration in fibres/ml for each subject were calculated with the aid of an in-house job-exposure matrix. The number of cases of digestive cancer observed was compared with the expected and Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) was estimated. Precise occupational exposure data allowed us to study the dose–response relationship between asbestos exposure and risk of digestive cancer using Cox model. Fifty-six digestive cancers occurred in the study population over the 18-year follow-up period for 48.4 expected (SIR = 1.16 [0.87–1.50]). Comparing with incidence in the county, SIR was not significant for any of the digestive localization, but for peritoneum. However, even after taking into account the potential confounders via the Cox model, there was a significant dose–response relationship between the occurrence of digestive cancers and the mean exposure concentration, even after exclusion of peritoneum cancers. Our study provides initial evidence suggesting a relationship between occupational exposure to asbestos and the risk of digestive cancer: first, it is a study of incidence although the risk evidenced is not significant; secondly, a dose–effect relationship is demonstrated in the whole population. However, these preliminary results require confirmation by more powerful studies focusing on larger series.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The objective of this study was to present trends in colorectal cancer incidence by sex and subsite in a well-defined French population. All of the 4486 large bowel cancer cases registered between 1976 and 1995 in the Burgundy registry of digestive tract cancers was included in this study. Time trends in colorectal cancer incidence were analysed over the 1976–95 period. The effects of age, period and cohort were evaluated using a log-linear Poisson model. The incidence rates for right colon cancer increased over time: + 21.6% (95% CI: + 13.5; + 29.7) per 5-year period in males and +10.4% (95% CI: + 3.4; + 17.3) in females. Left colon cancer rates increased in males (+ 10.6% 95% CI: + 4.6; + 16.6). Left colon cancer in females and rectal cancer incidence rates did not significantly change. Between the 1901 cohort to the 1941 cohort, estimated cumulative risks for right colon cancer increased sharply. The increase was less marked for left colon and the cumulative risk for rectal cancer remained almost stable. Temporal trends were different by subsites and sexes. In conclusion, our results confirm the existence of different trends in colorectal cancer incidence between subsites and sexes. These differences probably reflect aetiological distinctions.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Evidence of a protective role of aspirin on the risk of colorectal and other common cancers has been building up since the end of the 1980s. There are now more than 15 epidemiological (case–control and cohort) studies indicating that long-term use of aspirin is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The overall relative risk (RR) estimate for regular aspirin users was 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–0.77) from case–control studies, and 0.84 (95% CI 0.72–0.98) from cohort studies. A recent meta-analysis reported a RR of breast cancer for aspirin use of 0.70 (95% CI 0.61–0.81) in case–control studies, and of 0.79 (95% CI 0.59–1.06) in cohort studies. Furthermore, various epidemiological studies have suggested that aspirin use might have a favourable effect on ovarian cancer as well: the overall RR estimate was 0.82 (95% CI 0.69–0.99), although the evidence is too limited to permit firm conclusions. Data are more scanty, though in the same direction, for other neoplasms, including in particular stomach and oesophageal cancer.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The role of alcohol consumption on the risk of renal cell cancer was investigated separately for women and men, in a case–control study of 348 people with incident histologically confirmed cancer and 1048 hospital controls from northern Italy. No significant relationship emerged, nor any differences between the sexes. The odds ratios were 1.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.6–2.4) for the highest tertile of intake in women (⩾3 drinks per day) and 0.8 (0.4–1.3) for the highest quartile of intake in men (⩾6 drinks per day).

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

According to the 1996–1998 cancer incidence report of the cancer registry of the Belgian province of Limburg (LIKAR), prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men with a crude invasive cancer incidence rate of 123.7 per 100 000 person-years (125.4 and 81.8 after standardization for the European and the world standard population). In a study on geographical differences between the occurrence of cancers in municipalities, prostate cancer standardized incidence rates (SIRs) were significantly higher in a number of municipalities, with mean relative risks of 1.2 and 1.3 after full Bayesian smoothing. We hypothesized that prostate cancer incidence rates are largely influenced by the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening policy of local physicians and that differences between municipalities are more informative about local screening habits then about real differences in cancer occurrence. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by relating local prostate cancer SIRs to the PSA screening coverage of the population of men in each municipality. The SIRs of prostate cancer in 1996–1998 for each municipality were provided by LIKAR. They related to all histologically or cytologically proven new invasive prostate cancers during these years. For each municipality, PSA coverage data were provided by the largest sick fund of the region. Coverage was defined as the proportion of men above the age of 40 that was tested at least once within the registration period. The SIR of each municipality (dependent variable) was related to the age-standardized corresponding coverage (independent variable) by linear regression and was adjusted for the number of inhabitants per municipality: log (standardized incidence rate) = 164 + 602 * (standardized PSA coverage),P = 0.12. The model explained 6% of the variance in incidence. In conclusion, in this study no statistically significant relationship was identified between PSA coverage and prostate cancer incidence rate per municipality. This could result from no such relationship existing or from low statistical power.

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0959-8278    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID