摘要:

As a step toward developing a widely accepted theory to guide the standards‐making process and the accounting profession, the Financial Accounting Standards Board submitted a conceptual framework to the profession for its consideration. Its purpose is to provide guidance in the choice among alternative accounting methods for an issue. Whether the conceptual framework performs its function can be objectively evaluated only when it is applied to issues and tested through a rigorous procedure. A rigorous procedure to evaluate a theory has two conceptually distinguishable but interrelated parts: (a) testing the set of sentences constituting the logical structure of the theory and its inferences by way of mathematical or logical proofs, and (b) evaluating the content of the sentences constituting the theory and its inferences by way of evidence, be it empirical, intuitive, or otherwise. The purpose of this study is to test the logical structure of the conceptual framework. The results of the study provide a demonstration that the structure of the conceptual framework is logically consistent and that inferences from the structure of the conceptual framework to alternative methods for an issue are deductively valid. The study also exemplifies an application of the structure of the conceptual framework in the selection of an alternative method for an issue. The application explicitly interrelates the structure and content of the conceptual framewor

ISSN:0001-3072    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6281.1989.tb00221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper offers mainly an interpretation of Professor Schmandt‐Besserat's archaeological research from an accountant's point of view. Its major conclusion is that those ancient people were the first to apply the input—output principle (inherent in every actual commodity transfer) to a representational, quasi‐numerical (and later numerical) system of record keeping. A second aspect of this paper reveals that both the token‐accounting of the ancient Middle East, as well as modern accounting, deal with two distinct but related duality aspects. The first kind of duality involves concrete transactions and belongs to physical reality, while the second kind of duality arises out of ownership and debt relations which belong to social reality. The paper demonstrates how these two types of duality are related and in which way the second type can be reduced to the first type. The final section examines the possibility of connecting the input—output principle manifested in token accounting with the duality principle encountered in ancient Greek accounting

ISSN:0001-3072    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6281.1989.tb00222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An understanding of the implications of insider trading can only be achieved by analysing conflicting perceptions of what is meant by inside or privileged information. Empirical evidence on insider trading, mainly reflecting United States experiences, challenges assumptions not only about the impact of insider trading but also the efficiency of financial markets. There are hierarchies of market participants and rules on insider trading capable of practical implementation will only change the rankings. Companies have a property interest in their inside information and should bear the responsibility for its use.

ISSN:0001-3072    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6281.1989.tb00223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Until the 1930s, the ‘orientation postulate’ was a popular means of rationalizing bookkeeping practice. This was during a period when the balance sheet was the focal point of reporting and inductive theory formulation was popular in accounting. However, after the 1930s, the balance sheet was no longer the focus of financial reporting. By the 1960s accountants sought a deductive mode of theory formulation and the ‘orientation postulates’ were abandoned. Evidence adduced suggests that an ‘orientation postulates'can be useful in addressing income statement as well as balance sheet issues, and is also useful in diminishing chaos and promoting logical and cohesive theory formulation. If a discipline has a common orientation, then lessad hocprinciple formulation is likely

ISSN:0001-3072    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6281.1989.tb00224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Consistency is an essential part of financial reporting: it applies both to the continuous use of the same accounting principles by an entity from period to period, and to consistency between various accounting principles used by the same entity. In the development of accounting standards, risks to users of inconsistencies can be reduced by good disclosure requirements, particularly so between various pronouncements. A study examining the treatment of interest found inconsistencies in two‐thirds of the relevant U.S. GAAP pronouncement

ISSN:0001-3072    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6281.1989.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The copy of Luca Pacioli'sSumma(1494) now owned by the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, exhibits at the end fifty‐nine pages of manuscript additions, dating from the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. There is evidence that this material was written in the main by Filippo Calandri, who published the first printed textbook of arithmetic in Florence in 1491/2. The author has deciphered most of the MS from photocopies.The material has no reference to bookkeeping or accounting, but is a curious and interesting product of the Renaissance Italian mind. Much of it appears to be notes for a book on mensuration, probably by Calandri, and incorporating some matter from hisArithmetica.The MS also includes many astrological calculations, and a series of Latin aphorisms with a prologue, besides (in another hand) a few magic charms or spells.The MS material is described and analysed, and the relation of its parts to one another, to Calandri and to Pacioli, is explore

ISSN:0001-3072    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6281.1989.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present paper outlines rules for estimating realizable holding gains within a current cost framework. The foundation for the procedures lies with a theorem properly named for Edwards and Bell (1961). The theorem is stated and proved and then employed to derive the relevant quadrature rules. Estimates of the holding gains applicable to U.K. manufacturing industry are then made. The estimates are found to be highly sensitive to the quadrature rule used.

ISSN:0001-3072    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6281.1989.tb00227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Kaplan (1984) claimed that there has been little innovation in the last sixty years in the design and implementation of management accounting systems. Current systems lag changes in manufacturing processes. This paper provides a framework to explain that this lag in organizations may be due to the perceived greater complexity and lesser relative advantage, compatibility, trialability and observability of administrative (e.g., accounting) innovations as compared with technical innovations. The empirical research not only supports the existence of an accounting lag, but also suggests that there may be a substantial reward for those organizations that can remedy it.

ISSN:0001-3072    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6281.1989.tb00228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY