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1. |
Is “Essential” Hypertension Essential? |
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Hypertension,
Volume 44,
Issue 3,
2004,
Page 5-5
Barry,
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ISSN:0194-911X
出版商:OVID
年代:2004
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
Response: Blood Pressure, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Creatine Kinase Activity |
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Hypertension,
Volume 44,
Issue 3,
2004,
Page 6-6
Amy,
Luke Adebowale,
Adeyemo Holly,
Kramer Terrence,
Forrester Richard,
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ISSN:0194-911X
出版商:OVID
年代:2004
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
Acknowledgment to Reviewers |
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Hypertension,
Volume 44,
Issue 3,
2004,
Page 245-247
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PDF (13KB)
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ISSN:0194-911X
出版商:OVID
年代:2004
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
Reactive Oxygen Species, Vascular Oxidative Stress, and Redox Signaling in HypertensionWhat Is the Clinical Significance? |
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Hypertension,
Volume 44,
Issue 3,
2004,
Page 248-252
Rhian,
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摘要:
Metabolism of oxygen by cells generates potentially deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under normal conditions the rate and magnitude of oxidant formation is balanced by the rate of oxidant elimination. However, an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants results in oxidative stress, which is the pathogenic outcome of oxidant overproduction that overwhelms the cellular antioxidant capacity. The kidney and vasculature are rich sources of NADPH oxidase–derived ROS, which under pathological conditions play an important role in renal dysfunction and vascular damage. Strong experimental evidence indicates that increased oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage are mediators of renovascular injury in cardiovascular pathologies. Increased production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, reduced nitric oxide synthesis, and decreased bioavailability of antioxidants have been demonstrated in experimental and human hypertension. These findings have evoked considerable interest because of the possibilities that therapies targeted against free radicals by decreasing ROS generation or by increasing nitric oxide availability and antioxidants may be useful in minimizing vascular injury and renal dysfunction and thereby prevent or regress hypertensive end-organ damage. This article highlights current developments in the field of ROS and hypertension, focusing specifically on the role of oxidative stress in hypertension-associated vascular damage. In addition, recent clinical trials investigating cardiovascular benefits of antioxidants are discussed, and some explanations for the rather disappointing results from these studies are addressed. Finally, important avenues for future research in the field of ROS, oxidative stress, and redox signaling in hypertension are considered.
ISSN:0194-911X
出版商:OVID
年代:2004
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
Is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor a Missing Link Between Hypertension and Inflammation? |
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Hypertension,
Volume 44,
Issue 3,
2004,
Page 253-254
Ryuichi,
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ISSN:0194-911X
出版商:OVID
年代:2004
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
Regulation of Vascular ToneThe Fat Connection |
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Hypertension,
Volume 44,
Issue 3,
2004,
Page 255-256
Maria,
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PDF (15KB)
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ISSN:0194-911X
出版商:OVID
年代:2004
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
Hypertension: A Novel Regulator of Adaptive Immunity in Atherosclerosis? |
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Hypertension,
Volume 44,
Issue 3,
2004,
Page 257-258
Alain,
Tedgui Ziad,
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ISSN:0194-911X
出版商:OVID
年代:2004
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
Hypertensive Response to Acute Stress Is Attenuated in Interleukin-6 Knockout Mice |
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Hypertension,
Volume 44,
Issue 3,
2004,
Page 259-263
Dexter,
Lee Romulo,
Leite Cassandra,
Fleming Jennifer,
Pollock R,
Webb Michael,
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摘要:
This study tested the hypothesis that the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6, contributes to the hypertensive response to acute psychosocial stress, caused by switching male mice to a cage previously occupied by a different male mouse. Male C57BL6 (WT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) knockout (KO) mice were implanted with biotelemetry devices to monitor mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and motor activity in the unrestrained state. Baseline mean arterial pressure was 98±1 and 103±1 for WT and IL-6 KO mice. Cage switch increased mean arterial pressure by 42±2 mm Hg in WT mice, but this was blunted significantly in KO mice (31±3 mm Hg peak increase). Area under the curve for the first 90 minutes also was significantly less. Heart rate and motor activity increased similarly, and there also were no differences in the increases in plasma renin activity or plasma norepinephrine concentration between WT and KO mice. Thus, the acute hypertensive response to psychosocial stress depends significantly on IL-6, and the effect appears to be specific for blood pressure rather than to a global impairment in the response to stress. However, because perfusion of the isolated mesenteric bed with phenylephrine and chronic infusion of angiotensin II caused similar responses in WT and IL-6 KO mice, it is clear that future studies are needed to determine to what extent the acute blood pressure effect of IL-6 is stress-specific.
ISSN:0194-911X
出版商:OVID
年代:2004
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
Essential Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Angiotensin II–Induced Vascular Inflammation and Remodeling |
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Hypertension,
Volume 44,
Issue 3,
2004,
Page 264-270
Qingwei,
Zhao Minako,
Ishibashi Ken-ichi,
Hiasa Chunyan,
Tan Akira,
Takeshita Kensuke,
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摘要:
Angiotensin II (Ang II) upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and activates vascular inflammation. However, the decisive role of VEGF in Ang II–induced vascular inflammation and remodeling has not been addressed. Ang II infusion to wild-type mice increased local expression of VEGF and its receptors in cells of aortic wall and plasma VEGF, and caused aortic inflammation (monocyte infiltration) and remodeling (wall thickening and fibrosis). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1&agr; colocalized with VEGF-positive cell types. Blockade of VEGF by the soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt-1) gene transfer attenuated the Ang II–induced inflammation and remodeling. The sFlt-1 gene transfer also inhibited the increased expression of VEGF and inflammatory factors such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. In contrast, sFlt-1 gene transfer did not affect Ang II–induced arterial hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. VEGF is an essential mediator in Ang II–induced vascular inflammation and structural changes through its proinflammatory actions.
ISSN:0194-911X
出版商:OVID
年代:2004
数据来源: OVID
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10. |
Visceral Periadventitial Adipose Tissue Regulates Arterial Tone of Mesenteric Arteries |
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Hypertension,
Volume 44,
Issue 3,
2004,
Page 271-276
Stefan,
Verlohren Galyna,
Dubrovska Suk-Ying,
Tsang Kirill,
Essin Friedrich,
Luft Yu,
Huang Maik,
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摘要:
Periadventitial adipose tissue produces vasoactive substances that influence vascular contraction. Earlier studies addressed this issue in aorta, a vessel that does not contribute to peripheral vascular resistance. We tested the hypothesis that periadventitial adipose tissue modulates contraction of smaller arteries more relevant to blood pressure regulation. We studied mesenteric artery rings surrounded by periadventitial adipose tissue from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The contractile response to serotonin, phenylephrine, and endothelin I was markedly reduced in intact vessels compared with vessels without periadventitial fat. The contractile response to U46619 or depolarizing high K+-containing solutions (60 mmol/L) was similar in vessels with and without periadventitial fat. The K+channel opener cromakalim induced relaxation of vessels precontracted by serotonin but not by U46619 or high K+-containing solutions (60 mmol/L), suggesting that K+channels are involved. The intracellular membrane potential of smooth muscle cells was more hyperpolarized in intact vessels than in vessels without periadventitial fat. Both the anticontractile effect and membrane hyperpolarization of periadventitial fat were abolished by inhibition of delayed-rectifier K+(Kv) channels with 4-aminopyridine (2 mmol/L) or 3,4-diaminopyridine (1 mmol/L). Blocking other K+channels with glibenclamide (3 &mgr;mol/L), apamin (1 &mgr;mol/L), iberiotoxin (100 nmol/L), tetraethylammonium ions (1 mmol/L), tetrapentylammonium ions (10 &mgr;mol/L), or Ba2+(3 &mgr;mol/L) had no effect. Longitudinal removal of half the perivascular tissue reduced the anticontractile effect of fat by almost 50%, whereas removal of the endothelium had no effect. We suggest that visceral periadventitial adipose tissue controls mesenteric arterial tone by inducing vasorelaxation via Kvchannel activation in vascular smooth muscle cells.
ISSN:0194-911X
出版商:OVID
年代:2004
数据来源: OVID
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